Office articles

All members of this pigment family share good lightfastness, combined with poor solvent and migration resistance. These properties define and limit their application. Monoazo yellow pigments are used extensively in air-dried alkyd resin and in emulsion paints, and certain inks used in flexo and screen printing. Other applications are in letterpress and offset inks, as well as in office articles. 

Areas of application include wood coloration [45], paper mass coloration [46] and paper surface coating in the lime press [47], the office articles and artists colors sector pigments are used in colored pencils, crayons, and writing and pastel chalks or in water colors, as well as in cosmetics, especially soap [48],... 

This pigment has little impact on the market today and is only occasionally found in printing inks or in office articles, for instance in colored pencils. Its shade is more reddish and its tinctorial strength superior to that of P.Y.l. The low specific surface area of the types which are still commercially available makes for good hiding in print. Solvent resistance and other fastness properties equal those of P.Y.l P.Y.2 is only slightly less lightfast than P.Y.l. 

Like modified P.Y.12 (P.Y.126), P.Y.12 is selected to lend color to a variety of specialty products, such as cleaning agents or office articles. Where better lightfastness is required, P.Y.12 is replaced by less intense and less solvent resistant monoazo yellow pigments, especially by P. Y.l types, which provide a similar hue. 

Good overall fastness and considerable tinctorial strength broaden the scope of P.Y.83 application. The list includes office articles, artists colors, and solvent-based wood stains, in which the pigment is frequently combined with red pigments and carbon black to produce shades of brown. 

P.Y.126 is generally applied wherever P.Y.12 types suit the purpose, such as in office articles and cleaning agents. 

Naphthol pigments are broad in scope in many fields. Special applications include cleaners and detergents, office articles, and artists colors, as well as match-head compositions and fertilizers. 

Naphthol AS pigments are used to an appreciable extent in special areas, such as in office articles, artists colors, cleaning agents and detergents, including soaps. They are used to color paper, both mass colored paper and surface coated paper. 

P.R.8 is used in a variety of special media outside the paints, printing inks, and plastics field, which is also true for other members of this class of pigments. One such application is in the paper industry, where the pigment is used for mass coloration and surface coating formulations. It also lends itself to application in artists colors and office articles. 

P.R.10 is used to a certain extent in office articles, artists colors, and cleaners. 

P.R.12 is also employed in a series of special applications, such as automotive cleaners, floor polish, shoe polish, etc., and it is frequently used to color office articles and leather. 

P.R.146 is a suitable candidate for a variety of special applications. The list includes wood stains, in which it is frequently blended with yellow pigments, especially with P.Y.83, and also with black to afford shades of brown. The products are fast to overcoating and stable to nitro and acid catalyzed and polyester varnishes. Intense shades match step 5 on the Blue Scale for lightfastness. Other areas of application include office articles and artists colors, cleaning agents, paper mass coloration, laundry markers, etc. In connection with cosmetics, the pigment frequently lends color to soaps. 

P.V.50 is used in printing inks and in office articles. Poor lightfastness and a strong tendency to migrate makes it an inadequate product for most plastics materials. Lack of lightfastness also precludes its use in paints (see also P.V.44). 

Incorporated in plasticized PVC, P.B.15, like other phthalocyanine pigments, is usually entirely fast to migration. Moreover, it provides excellent lightfastness. P.B.15 also finds use in various types of PUR foam materials as well as in rubber. Its redder and frequently cleaner shade compared to corresponding stabilized types makes it an equally useful pigment for other media. This applies especially for water-based systems. Textile printing, paper mass coloration, paper surface treatment, and paper pulp are areas of application as suitable for the use of P.B.15 as office articles, including colored pencils, blackboard chalks for schools, and water colors. 

P.B.15 3, the (3-modification of Copper Phthalocyanine Blue, affords a clean shade of turquoise. Pigments of this type are used primarily in graphical printing as well as in finishes and paints, plastics and rubber, textile printing, and other areas, such as office articles. 

P.B.15 3, like stabilized a-Copper Phthalocyanine Blue, markedly affects the hardening of unsaturated polyester cast resins. The list of applications also includes PUR foam materials, office articles, such as colored pencils, wax crayons, and water colors, as well as spin dyeing of polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, secondary acetate, polyamide, polyester, and viscose. Used in polyester spin dyeing, P.B.15 3 satisfies the thermal requirements of the condensation process (Sec. 1.8.3.8). 1/3 and 1/25 SD samples equal step 7-8 on the Blue Scale for lightfastness. Textile fastnesses, such as stability to wet and dry crocking are perfect. 

There are a number of other media which are also pigmented with P.V.23. The list includes office articles and artists colors, such as drawing inks and fiber-tip pen inks, wax crayons, oil paints, and high quality water colors, water- or solvent-based pigmented wood stains, cleaning agents, and mass colored paper. 

Alkali Blue pigments are used in large volume to color office articles, especially ribbons for typewriters and computers, as well as blue copy paper. Other areas of application, such as the plastics industry, do not employ Alkali Blue pigments because of their lack of fastness. 

Other areas of application are in office articles and in the arts field, where P.Y.101 lends color to pencils, chalks, watercolors, and other articles. It is also used for fluorescent markers. 

The USP [7] provides extensive discussion on impurities in sections 1086 (Impurities in Offical Articles), 466 (Ordinary Impurities), and 467 (Organic Volative Impurities). A total impurity level of 2.0% has been adopted as a general limit for bulk pharmaceuticals [5]. There have been no levels established for the presence of enantiomers in a drug substance/ product. This is primarily because the enantiomers may have similiar pharmacological and toxicological profiles, enantiomers may rapidly interconvert in vitro and/or in vivo, one enantiomer is shown to be pharmacologically inactive, synthesis or isloation of the perferred enantiomer is not practical, and individual enantiomers exhibit different pharmacologic profiles and the racemate produces a superior therapeutic effect relative to either enantiomer alone [8,9]. 

Persons who operate pharmaceutical manufacturing or import businesses have to obtain a license from the MHW or prefecture government for each factory or business office (Article 12-1 and 22-1 of the PAL). For the approval of such licenses, the substance which is a drug must be approved as drug by the MHW (Article 13-1 and 23 of the PAL). 

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