Lists of preparation

For a list of preparations of ketones by the reaction of organometallic compounds with carboxylic esters, salts, anhydyrides, or amides, with references, see Ref. 568, pp. 685, 693. 

The following short list of preparations has proved suitable for the reasons given ... 

Before presenting a short list of preparation methods, some indication of a few general aspects and problems of these methods will be given. Questions concerning heat treatments and the effects of impurities will be discussed in some detail. 

Before commencing a course in practical organic chemistry, the student should have a definite list of preparations to follow. These should be arranged in increasing order of difficulty, and in such a way that, as far as possible, each preparation leads naturally to the next. Where several students are working in the laboratory, the best results are obtained when each works through a different fist and compares notes with his neighbour. 

The main focus of this chapter will be to introduce the most widely used and practical ways (or real ways) to introduce the major functional groups. These latter methods have practical synthetic value and are usually the first choices in real laboratory situations, but often they differ from the standard list of preparations. What is important is that these first-choice methods must be integrated into die methods previously encountered so that a wider view of how to manipulate functional groups is achieved. 

In the remainder of Chapter 19 (and Chapters 20 and 22) we discuss reactions in which a carboxylic acid is a starting material that may be converted to a variety of different products. Keep in mind that reactions of a particular functional group follow a common theme. For example, alkenes undergo addition reactions. As a result, these reactions are easier to learn than the list of preparations, in which vastly different functional groups undergo a wide variety of reactions to form the same kind of product. 

Part IXA - List of preparations approved by the Department which may be prescribed by dentists on form HS21D... 

Oxidation of chemical warfare agents by solutions or solid preparations of bleach was the first form of chemical decontamination to be studied. Preparations of bleach were introduced during World War I and a list of preparations (modified from Yang et al. (1992)) is given in Table 3. 

The synthetic methods which have been used include modern versions of established methods of metal colloid preparation such as the mild chemical reduction of solutions of transition metal salts and complexes and newer methods such as radiolysis and photochemical reduction, metal atom extrusion from labile organometallics. And the use of metal vapor synthesis techniques. Some of these reactions have been in use for many years, and some are the results of research stimulated by the current resurgence in metal colloid chemistry. The list of preparative methods is being extended daily, and, as examples of these methods are described below, the reader will quickly be made aware that almost any organometallic reaction or physical process which results in the deposition of a metal is in fact a resource for the metal colloid chemist. The acquisition of new methods requires only the opportunism of the synthetic chemist in turning a previously negative result into a synthetic possibility. 

---