Sorption capacity

The behavior predicted by this equation is illustrated in Fig. 16-33 with N = 80. Xp = (Evtp/L)/[il — )(p K -i- )] is the dimensionless duration of the feed step and is equal to the amount of solute fed to the column divided by tne sorption capacity. Thus, at Xp = 1, the column has been supplied with an amount of solute equal to the station-aiy phase capacity. The graph shows the transition from a case where complete saturation of the bed occurs before elution Xp= 1) to incomplete saturation as Xp is progressively reduced. The lower cui ves with Xp < 0.4 are seen to be neany Gaussian and centered at a dimensionless time - (1 — Xp/2). Thus, as Xp 0, the response cui ve approaches a Gaussian centered at Ti = 1. 

In the absence of dyes, APA- and AdPA-grafted silica bind La(III) with, respectively, 0.20 and 0.27 mmol/g sorption capacity, resulting in formation of 1 2 (La L) complexes. 50% of introduced cation is bonded at pH=5 (APA), pH=6.1 (AdPA) and complete adsorption occurs at pH=6 (APA), pH=6.5 (AdPA). The grafted support in absence of La adsorbs the chosen dyes at pH<4 due to the electrostatic interaction with the -NH, groups on the surface, present as a result of grafting procedure. The adsorption of dyes at pH>4 is insignificant. 

It has been shown by IR-spectroscopic investigations which evidence on the appearance of new absorption bands after chitosan introducing, elementary analyses data. (N, occurrence in the samples, which quantity depends on chitosan nature and isolation conditions) It leads to significant increase of sorption capacity and specific surface of sorbents, which contain chitosan from silk waren chrysalises. Where as these parameters decrease for sorbents with chitosan from crabs. Evidently it is connected to more dense structure of the last one. It has been shown, that yield of sorbent on the base of PES and chitosan obtained by sol-gel method has depended significantly on such factors as components ratio, temperature, catalyst quantity etc. 

The steady structure determined by the value of Kw (Fig. 1) for the entire class of carboxylic CP obtained by precipitation copolymerization is one of the most important factors determining the possibility of reversible bonding of proteins absorbed by carboxylic CP with a high sorption capacity [16,19]. Thus, for the MA-HHTT system (Fig. 2), a complete desorption of enzyme is carried out on crosslinked copolymers characterized by low Kw values. In crosslinked structures exhibiting looser structure (Kw P 1), owing to the mobility of chain fragments of CP especially in the process of desorption, the macromolecules of sorbed protein are irreversibly captured as a result of a marked polyfunctional interaction. 

Fig. 13. Relative sorption capacity of proteins by carboxylic CP Biocarb-T vs pH of solution 1) terrilytin, 2) insulin, 3) chymotrypsinogen, 4) pancreatic ribonuclease, 3) pepsin, 6) thymarine, 7) thermolysine, 8) haemoglobin, P) lysozyme. mma, — quantity of protein bonden on Biocarb-T by pHma (...

High sorption capacities with respect to protein macromolecules are observed when highly permeable macro- and heteroreticular polyelectrolytes (biosorbents) are used. In buffer solutions a typical picture of interaction between ions with opposite charges fixed on CP and counterions in solution is observed. As shown in Fig. 13, in the acid range proteins are not bonded by carboxylic CP because the ionization of their ionogenic groups is suppressed. The amount of bound protein decreases at high pH values of the solution because dipolar ions proteins are transformed into polyanions and electrostatic repulsion is operative. The sorption maximum is either near the isoelectric point of the protein or depends on the ratio of the pi of the protein to the pKa=0 5 of the carboxylic polyelectrolyte [63]. It should be noted that this picture may be profoundly affected by the mechanism of interaction between CP and dipolar ions similar to that describedby Eq. (3.7). 

To evaluate the sorption capacity of the biomass, biosorption isotherms of R016 were obtained at different solution pHs. The initial concentration was varied from 0 to 5000 mg L, which resulted in different final dye concentrations after the sorption equilibrium was achieved. 

Fig. 5. Comparison of sorbent kinetics and sorption capacities of spray dried sorbents, Sorb NHR, NHR5, and NX30...

Variation of CO conversion activity ( ) and CO sorption capacities ( ) as a function of bulk nickel content. 

Regarding submerged plants, sorption of Cu(II) by Myriophyllum spicatum L. (Eurasian water milfoil) has been shown to be fast and fits isotherm models such as Langmuir, Temkin, and Redlich-Peterson. The maximum sorption capacity (c/lll l j ) of copper onto M. spicatum L. was 10.80 mg/g, while the overall sorption process was best described by the pseudo-second-order equation.115 Likewise, Hydrilla verticillata has been described as an excellent biosorbent for Cd(II). In batch conditions, the qmsx calculated was 15.0 mg/g. Additionally, II. verticillata biomass was capable of decreasing Cd(II) concentration from 10 to a value below the detection limit of 0.02 mg/L in continuous flow studies (fixed-bed column). It was also found that the Zn ions affected Cd(II) biosorption.116... 

ILs have the potential to overcome many of the problems of associated with current C02 capture techniques. ILs are particularly applicable in absorption of C02 while effectively avoiding the loss of sequestering agents. Other advantage of ILs is that they can be combined into polymeric forms, increasing the C02 sorption capacity compared with other ILs and conventional solvents and greatly facilitates the separation and ease of operation. 

Day S., Duffy G., et al. Effect of coal properties on C02 sorption capacity under supercritical conditions. 2008 International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 2(3) 342-352. 

We have observed large variations in the sorption capacities of zeolite samples characterized by (ID) channel systems, as for instance AFI (AIPO4-5 zeolite) and MTW (ZSM-12 zeolite) architectural framework types. Indeed, for such unconnected micropore networks, point defects or chemisorbed impurities can annihilate a huge number of sorption sites. Detailed analysis, by neutron diffraction of the structural properties of the sorbed phase / host zeolite system, has pointed out clear evidence of closed porosity existence. Percentage of such an enclosed porosity has been determined. 

During the last decade large progresses have been performed in the so much difficult art of zeolites synthesis. As a consequence, the amounts of structural defects and chemical impurities have been reduced in zeolite samples (crystallites of larger sizes and well-defined morphology have been synthesized ). At the same time, the zeolite sorption capacities increase. Such an observation is well illustrated by the sorption... 

The nitrogen-containing carbonaceous replicas of siliceous materials were prepared and studied with the nitrogen adsorption, TEM, TGA, XPS, and EDX methods. The carbons obtained using SBA-15 as a matrix exhibited well-developed and highly ordered porous structures. Those from the MLV material showed lower sorption capacities and 3-D structures less ordered as in the case of the SBA-15 replicas. 

The shape of the isotherms of nitrogen ad/desorption (type IV, IUPAC) for SBA-15 and its replicas indicates the presence of mesopores and a small fraction of micropores. The isotherms for all the N-doped replicas of SBA-15 (Fig. la) are of the shape similar to that of the isotherm for a typical CMK-3 material [4]. The mesopores are also similarly large (ca. 4 nm, Fig. lc). However, the sorption capacities differ notably, being 1.1 and 1.40-1.76 cm3/g for CMK-3 and CMK-3N, respectively. 

The BET surface areas are quite large 1635 and 2021 m2/g for CMK-3N1.25 and CMK-N2.00, respectively. The Fe-modified SBA-15 of a lower sorption capacity gives a replica with a higher sorption capacity. Sorption capacities of the N-doped CMK-3 carbons are higher than those of the CMK-3 ones made from sucrose, which results from an increase in the wall thickness of SBA-15 after insertion of Fe (Fig. la). 

Matter with Sorption Capacity for Hydrophobic Organic Compounds.125... 

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