Mg/kg of body weight

Most iron salts and compounds may be safely handled following common safe laboratory practices. Some compounds are irritants. A more serious threat is ingestion of massive quantities of iron salts which results in diarrhea, hemorrhage, fiver damage, heart damage, and shock. A lethal dose is 200 250 mg/kg of body weight. The majority of the victims of iron poisoning are children under five years of age. 

The monoalkyl derivatives in salt form appear to have low toxicity. The monomethyl sulfate sodium salt has an approximate oral lethal dose greater than 5000 mg/kg of body weight for rats (129). Monododecyl sulfate sodium salt is widely marketed as a detergent and shampoo ingredient (oral LD q 1268 mg/kg for rats) (126). Both dimethyl sulfate and monomethyl sulfate occur in the environment in coal fly-ash and in airborne particulate matter (130). 

Vanadium compounds, including those which may be involved in the production, processing, and use of vanadium and vanadium alloys, are irritants chiefly to the conjuctivae and respiratory tract. Prolonged exposure may lead to pulmonary compHcations. However, responses are acute, never chronic. Toxic effects vary with the vanadium compound involved. For example, LD q (oral) of vanadium pentoxide dust in rats is 23 mg/kg of body weight (24). 

An average of about 7 ppm of bromine is found ia terrestrial plants, and edible foods contain up to 20 ppm. Among animals the highest bromide contents are found ia sea life, such as fish, sponges, and cmstaceans (44). Animal tissues contain 1—9 ppm of bromide and blood 5—15 ppm. The World Health Organization has set a maximum acceptable bromide iatake for humans at 1 mg/kg of body weight per day. In adult males the bromine content ia semm has been found to be 3.2—5.6 p.g/mL, ia urine 0.3—7.0 p.g/mL, and ia hair 1.1—49.0 p.g/mL. Bromine may be an essential trace element as are the other hahdes (45). 

In the US, cochineal derivatives are permitted in amounts ranging from 0.05 to 1.0%. The JECEA considered acceptable a total ADI of 0 to 5 mg/kg of body weight for carmines as ammonium, calcium, potassium, or sodium salts. Some... 

Isoniazid is used for treating LTBI.2,6,12,28 Typically, isoniazid 300 mg daily (5-10 mg/kg of body weight) is given alone for 9 months. Lower doses usually are less effective.2,31 The treatment of LTBI reduces a person s lifetime risk of active TB from about 10% to about 1%20 (Table 72-2). Rifampin 600 mg... 

Tetanus immune globulin (TIG) is usually given in a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight. For a child weighing 66 pounds, how much TIG vaccine should be administered ... 

Exposure to endrin can cause various harmful effects including death and severe central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) injury. Swallowing large amounts of endrin (more than 0.2 mg/kg of body weight) may cause convulsions and kill you in a few minutes or hours. 

Data on the safety studies were submitted to international agencies like the Joint Expert Committee for Food Additives of the WHO and FAO (JECFA), and the Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) of the EC. Both committees endorsed acesulfame K as a food additive. Initial acceptance was based on an NOEL of 900mg/kg in dogs which were considered to be the most sensitive species. Therefore Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) values of 0-9 mg/kg of body weight were allocated.8 9 Evidence that rats would be an appropriate model for risk assessment was the reason for JECFA to change the ADI to 0-15 mg/kg of body weight on the basis of a no-effect level of 1500-3000 mg/kg in rats.10 Countries allocating their own ADI values like the USA and Canada have come to the same conclusion. The SCF still retains its 0-9 mg/kg ADI.11... 

Mechanistic studies carried out in the course of recent years indicated that sodium saccharin may be involved in the formation of specific proteins occurring in rat urine which may contribute to the formation of bladder tumours. Most scientists and regulatory authorities now share the view that the incidence of bladder tumours in male rats after saccharin ingestion is species-specific and therefore probably without any significance for humans. Accordingly, the former temporaiy ADI of 0-2.5 mg/kg of body weight has been raised to 0-5 mg/kg by JECFA21 and the SCF.22... 

A wide variety of compounds containing the C—F link has been described in this Chapter, and it is now convenient to classify them according to their physiological activity. In general, two types of assessment of animal toxicity have been made (a) by inhalation (liquids) and given as l.c. 50 in mg./l. (b) by injection (liquids and solids) and given as l.d. in mg./kg. of body weight. 

For the metabolism rangefinding experiments, sea urchins were dosed by injection at a level of 2.2 mg/kg of body weight with -PNA into the central cavity, held in untreated water at 12°C, and both the water and coelomic fluid sampled periodically over the course of 8 hours. Most of the PNA was eliminated rapidly into the water (Fig. 2), with a pseudo-first order half-life of appearance of 12 minutes half of the test compound was lost from the coelomic fluid in about 24 minutes. 

Other enzyme-based mechanisms. Furthermore, the epimers of artemether showed nearly equal in vivo activity (1.02 mg/kg of body weight for a epimer versus 1.42 mg/kg of body weight for the P epimer), making the heme-based mechanism preferable over the SERCA-based mechanism for which a greater disparity in the activities would be expected. Whatever the situation may be, we all agree that further studies are necessary to clarify, or to unambiguously determine the real mechanism of action of this family of compounds. 

Eysenhardtia platycarpa (family Leguminosae) were evaluated to possess promising antihyperglycemic activity by decreasing glucose level of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats (31 mg/kg of body weight, P< 0.05). 

Experimental investigations and assessments show that the average person takes in about 2 g a year of external plasticizers. Most of this is from traces of DOA migrating from food packaging. The so-called no observed effect level (NOEL) for DOA in rodents is about 40 mg/kg of body weight per day. Extrapolation for a person equates to 1000 g of plasticizer... 

Chiidren 6 years of age and oider- 30 to 50 mg/kg of body weight daily in 2 evenly divided doses. Typically, the maximum dose is 2 g/day. To reduce... 

Children (1 month of age and older) 5 to 7 mg/kg of body weight per 24 hours, given in 4 divided doses (contraindicated in infants younger than 1 month of age). 

Figure 2.4. An idealized dose-response graph. The horizontal axis indicates the dose in mg/kg of body weight, while the vertical axis is the percent of maximum response. For a very low dose there is no or little response. The response increases with the dose until the maximum response is reached and increasing the dose has no additional effect.

Exposure to fluoride has to be closely regulated, and current estimates of optimum level of exposure to fluoride are between 0.05 and 0.07 mg/kg of body weight [7]. Some researchers have suggested that even lower levels, for... 

Strassman tried increasing the dose in his subjects. One of his volunteers said You can still be an atheist until 0.4, referring to a dose of 0.4 mg/kg of body weight. Beyond that, the psychonaut becomes confident that something real exists beyond our world. 

The usual adult dosage of the micronized ("microsize") form of the drug is 500 mg daily in single or divided doses with meals occasionally, 1 g/d is indicated in the treatment of recalcitrant infections. The pediatric dosage is 10 mg/kg of body weight daily in single or divided doses with meals. An oral suspension is available for use in children. 

Acesulfame potassium 200 1 3.7 in water May decompose after long-term storage at 40° C 15 mg/kg of body weight... 

Toxicity is objectively evaluated on the basis of test dosages made on experimental animals under controlled conditions. Most important of these are LD50 (lethal dose. 50%) and the LCsc (lethal concentration, 50%) tests, which include exposure of the animal to oral ingestion and inhalation of the material under test. A substance having an LD50 of less than 400 mg/kg of body weight is considered very toxic. 

Brief History. A.S. is a 47-year-old concert musician who experienced a progressive decline in renal function that ultimately led to renal failure. Kidney function was maintained artificially through renal dialysis until a suitable kidney transplant became available from a donor who died in an automobile accident. The kidney was transplanted successfully, and A.S. was placed on a prophylactic regimen of three different immunosuppressive drugs to prevent the rejection of the transplanted kidney. At the time of the transplant, cyclosporine was initiated at a dosage of 10 mg/kg of body weight... 

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