Organ and body weights

Kjellstrand P, Kanje M, Mansson L, et al. 1981. Trichloroethylene Effects on body and organ weights in mice, rats and gerbils. Toxicology 21 105-115. 

Kjellstrand P, Hohnquist B, Aim P, et al. 1983a. Trichloroethylene Further studies of the effects on body and organ weights and plasma butyrylcholinesterase activity in mice. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 53 375-384. 

Experimental design Rats (7-13 male and 10-13 female) were exposed to 1,4-dichlorobenzene vapors for 7 hours a day, 5 days a week at concentrations of 0, 96, or 158 ppm for a total of 126-139 exposures. At the end of the exposure period, the animals were sacrificed, body and organ weights determined, and tissues examined microscopically. Hematology (parameters not specified), analysis of urine (blood, glucose, albumin, and sediment) and measurement of blood urea nitrogen were conducted for females exposed to the lowest concentration of 1,4-dichlorobenzene. 

In animal studies, repeated inhalation of chlorpyrifos at 287 Hg/m (near the theoretical maximum vapor concentration) for 13 weeks caused no treatment-related changes in urinalysis, hematology, clinical chemistry, terminal body and organ weights, or pathology. Induction of delayed polyneuropathy in animals occurs only at doses that exceed the LD50." Peripheral neurotoxic effects could occur in humans after massive exposures at almost lethal doses (from which the patient is saved by intensive medical intervention). The possibility that subtle neurobehavioral effects are associated with pesticide exposure cannot be ruled out. ... 

The oral reference dose (RfD) for nickel is 0.02 mg/kg/day (IRIS 1996). The RfD is based on the 5-mg-nickel/kg/day NOAEL identified in the Ambrose et al. (1976) 2-year study in rats. The effect level in this study was 50 mg/kg/day, a dose associated with changes in body and organ weights. The RfD was calculated using an uncertainty factor of 300 (10 for interspecies extrapolation, 10 to protect sensitive individuals, and 3 to account for inadequacies in reproductive studies) (Ambrose et al. 1976 RTT 1988a, 1988b). EPA (IRIS 1996) states that the RfD is at a level that will not sensitize individuals to nickel, but that it may not protect individuals who are already sensitized to nickel. 

Adverse effect An undesirable or harmful effect to an organism, indicated by some result such as mortality, altered food consumption, altered body and organ weights, altered enzyme levels or visible pathological change. 

Pickering RG, Pickering CE (1984) The effects of reduced dietary intake upon the body and organ weights, and some clinical chemistry and haematologic variates of the young Wistar rat. Toxicol Lett 21 271-277 Price RG (2002) Early markers of nephrotoxicity. Comp Clin Pathol 11 2-7... 

Chronic dietary administration of acetamiprid resulted in reduced body and organ weight. Higher doses resulted in neurological dysfunction. There was evidence for teratogenic potential in animal studies. 

A 90 day rat oral gavage study resulted in depressed body and organ weights and depressed food consumption in high dose males (3600 mg kg day ). No effects were noted at 900 mg kg day Erom these results, the US Environmental Protection Agency derived an oral reference dose of 0.9 mg kg day for ethyl acetate (uncertainty factor = 1000). 

Body and organ weights, food consumption, and hematological parameters. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 27 S28-S39. 

The present study reports the dose responses to dietary DHASCO and ARASCO on typical toxicity endpoints in piglets fed formulas containing zero-, one-, two-, and fivefold of DHA and AA concentrations used in commercial infant formula. Body and organ weights, serum chemistries, and hematocrits were obtained. Livers were examined by light microscopy after fixation and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Liver and heart dose responses to dietary DHA and AA supplementation were also documented. 

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