Biomass impacts

Benedetti M. F., Menard O., Noack Y., Caralho A., and Nahon D. (1994) Water-rock interactions in tropical catchments field rates of weathering and biomass impact. Chem. Geol. 118, 203 -220. 

Organic matter in sea surface sediments was mainly terrigenous and biogenous. So the ph3doplankton biomass impacting on organic matter in the water column and on the PCBs distribution in the surface sediments of the study area was discussed in detail as follows. Chlorophyll a concentrations and phytoplankton cell abundance in seawater were commonly used as indicators of... 

A projection of biomass energy consumption in the United States for the years 2000, 2010, 2020, and 2030 is shown in Table 6 by end use sector (12). This analysis is based on a National Premiums Scenario which assumes that specific market incentives are appHed to aU. new renewable energy technology deployment. The scenario depends on the enactment of federal legislation equivalent to a fossil fuel consumption tax. Any incentives over and above those in place (ca 1992) for use of renewable energy will have a significant impact on biomass energy consumption. 

Projections of market penetrations and contributions to primary consumption of energy from biomass are subject to much criticism and contain significant errors. However, even though these projections may be incorrect, they are necessary to assess the future role and impact of renewable energy resources, and to help in deciding whether a potential renewable energy resource should be developed. 

Crutzen, P. J. and Andreae, M. O. (1990). Biomass burning in the Tropics impact on atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycles. Science 250, 1669-1678. 

Coal used in power stations has the potential to be partly replaced by fuels derived from pre-treated plastics and paper waste, reducing both dependency on fossil fuels and reliance on landfill. APME reports on a project in the Netherlands which it co-sponsored to develop a substitute fuel from plastics. The environmental assessment of the project compared the environmental impacts of coal substitution with other plastics recovery methods, including gasification in feedstock recycling and energy recovery from plastics waste in cement kilns. The study also compared coal substitution with the generation of power from burning biomass. 

The use of renewable resources for manufacturing specific performance and speciality chemicals, and for fibres to replace synthetic ones, is growing. The driver for this is improved cost/performance. In order to have a major impact on the amount of oil and gas used there is a need to convert biomass into new, large-scale basic feedstocks such as synthesis gas or methanol. Many technical developments in separation science as well as improvements in the overall yield of chemicals are required before renewable feedstocks can compete effectively with oil and gas, but the gap will continue to narrow. 

Because of the role these algae play in the oceans biological productivity and their impacts on climate due to the removal of carbon dioxide, satellite sensors have been employed to measure the chlorophyll a contents in oceans, lakes, and seas to indicate the distribution and abundance of biomass production in these water bodies. Detection is set at the specific reflectance and absorption wavelengths of the light from the upper layer of the ocean where photosynthesis occurs. 

Nitrous oxide has received increasing attention the last decade, due to the growing awareness of its impact on the environment, as it has been identified as an ozone depletion agent and as a Greenhouse gas [1]. Identified major sources include adipic acid production, nitric acid and fertilizer plants, fossil fuel and biomass combustion and de-NOx treatment techniques, like three-way catalysis and selective catalytic reduction [2,3]. 

Data for the bulk fluid, line A, indicate that vz varies as a function of z but maintains a value near 0.75 of maximum velocity. The periodicity of vx and vy is clearly evident in the graph of line A and a 1800 out of phase coupling of the components is seen with one positive when the other is negative. This indicates a preferred orientation to the plane of the oscillatory flow and this feature was seen in all the biofilms grown throughout this study. The secondary flow components are 0.1-0.2 of the maximum axial velocity and are spatially oscillatory. The significant non-axial velocities indicate non-axial mass transport has gone from diffusion dominated, Pe = 0, in the clean capillary, to advection dominated, Pe 2 x 103, due to the impact of the biofilm. For comparison, the axial Peclet number is Pe L 2x 10s. Line B intersects areas covered by biomass and areas of only bulk... 

Cultivar differences, however, extend beyond the impact of biomass production on emissions. Ma et al. [131] observed a 67% increase in CH4 oxidation from a hybrid cultivar accompanied... 

Wagner U, Geiger B, Dreier T. Environmental Impacts and System Analysis of Biofuels. In Proceedings of the International Conference Biomass for Energy and Industry. 8-11 junel998 Wurzburg, p. 544-548... 

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