Hybrid cultivars

Cultivar differences, however, extend beyond the impact of biomass production on emissions. Ma et al. [131] observed a 67% increase in CH4 oxidation from a hybrid cultivar accompanied... 

Emasculation of the female parent is used for the production of artificial hybrids. Acid-induced male sterile plants pollinated without emasculation are also used. These hybrids were produced by natural crossing in seed production fields (breeding nursery), with the two parents planted in alternating groups of rows. The first hybrid cultivars were introduced in Canada for commercial production in 1946 (4). 

Commercial hybrid cultivars include single and three-way hybrids. The former type is produced by crossing two lines, resulting in genetically identical individuals the latter are developed by crossing a single hybrid with a homozygote line. Seed must be procured yearly by the producer in both cases. 

Flowering plants Plan to have plants in flower from early until late in the growing season. Early foragers such as bees, and late feeders such as butterflies, particularly need help. Avoid double flowers, multi-petaled forms, or hybrid cultivars that do not produce pollen or nectar. 

Hybrid varieties could be developed more quickly without canola quality. This approach appears to have been taken in China. In that country, hybrid cultivars, some using incompatibility and others utilizing cytoplasmic male sterility, are under development and appear to be close to commercial utilization (Stefansson, 1980). 

Technoeconomic and environmental evaluation of the production processes in different scenarios environmental and economic influence of land size, use of fertilizers, plant capacity (large or farm scale), use of hybrid cultivars, life-cycle assessment of processes and adaptation to every region (Barontini et al., 2015). 

Muscat de Moulin (C.299-35 = Couderc 19). Muscat de Moulin has not been widely grown despite its favourable attributes. It is relatively winter hardy and productive and produces wines with a clean, muscat flavour. It is perhaps best known as a parent in the Geneva hybrid cultivar Valvin Muscat (Muscat de Moulin x Muscat Ottonel Reisch et al., 2006). 

A large portion of Brazilian wine is made of grapes from American and hybrid cultivars. Although not accepted in Europe, these grapevines are broadly grown in Brazil, the US East Coast and Asia, due to the hardiness and yield of the plants. 

Southwest Plateau This region includes some high-altitude areas of Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces. Rose Honey, an old cultivar introduced by missionaries lOOyears ago, is a major grape cultivar in this area. Some V. vinifera and hybrid cultivars have been planted in recent years. 

The breeding programmes at Vineland and Summerland produced numerous wine grape and table grape cultivars. Unfortunately, few of the wine grape cultivars were widely planted because the wine industry had evolved by the late 1980s to an almost exclusively V. vinifera-hased industry in British Columbia whereas VQA Ontario permitted only six hybrid cultivars for VQA-labelled wines. Consequently, most commercial plantings of cultivars such as Veeblanc, Vivant, Veeport, Vincent, etc. were removed. 

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