Beilstein

Beilstein is the best and most comprehensive source of data for organic compounds prepared before 1930 and it is not particularly difficult to use. Its major weakness is the lack of data and cumulative indexes for more modem work. 

Between 1881 and 1883, Friedrich K. Beilstein published Beilstein Handbuch der Organischen Chemie, which was continued in five Supplementary Series (Erganzungswerke). The Beilstein Collection is structured as follows  

Basic Series Supplementary Series I Supplementary Series II Supplementary Series III Supplementary Series IV Supplementary Series V 

During the 1980s an electronic recording of the Beilstein Handbook was undertaken. In 1988, a part was accessible online, containing about 350,000 heterocycles, today, there is a total of 5.7 million compounds. In 1994 the complete period from 1779 till now, containing about 6 to 6.5 million compounds, will be accessible online. 

Beilstein is a factual file, unlike Chemical Abstracts. There is only one entry for every compound, containing a multitude of sources. Every record is divided into many fields, which are individually searchable. In the Chemical Abstracts file, every single record reflects one single citation. This difference is the reason for the very different pricing structure in the Beilstein file. There is not only a fee for connect time and search terms (Sect. 6.2) but also for field display. Thus a warning is given from the start, to rethink before entering the display command ALL. It may cost more than one hundred US (Sect. 7.10.4). The recorded facts are  

This section is restricted to text searching. The Beilstein file offers structure searching, exactly as conducted in the Registry File. Particular features may be gathered from the manual Structure Building on STN. As the Beilstein file is overwhelmingly complex there can be but a short introduction to searching here. 

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Beilstein, Handbuch der Organischen Chemie The definitive reference series on organic chemistry. 

Beilstein s test A method for detecting the presence of halogen in an organic compound. A piece of copper gauze is heated in an oxidiz-... 

The ROSDAL (Representation of Organic Structures Description Arranged Linearly) syntax was developed by S. Welford, J. Barnard, and M.F. Lynch in 1985 for the Beilstein Institute. This line notation was intended to transmit structural information between the user and the Beilstein DIALOG system (Beilstein-Ohlme) during database retrieval queries and structure displays. This exchange of structure information by the ROSDAL ASCII character string is very fast. 

ROSDAL is used in the Beilstein-DIALOG system [17] as a data exchange format. The code can represent not only full structures and substructures but also some generic structures. 

The Beilstein Online Database - Implementation, Content and Retrieval, S.R. Heller (Ed.), American Chemical Sodety, Washington, DC, 1990. 

S. Welford, C. Jochum, Chemical stmcture registration for Beilstein Online, in Chem. Stmct. 2, Proc. 2nd Int. Conf, 1993, pp. 161-170. 

Publications of this kind are described as non-original. They are abstracting services and handbooks that catch the primary literature, condense the important contents, and make this information available (searchable). Secondary literature is not evaluated and is provided in both printable and electronic forms. Examples are Gmelin, Beilstein, Citations Chemisches Zentralblatt, Chemical Abstracts, or Science Citation Index handbooks include Houben-Weyl, and Landolt Bomstein. 

Handbooks such as Gmelin and Beilstein are often added to the tertiary literature, due to the high degree of processing their information has undergone. However, they are used as citations, and this is why they are integrated within the secondary titerature. 

Typical numeric databases are Beilstein, Speclnfo, DETHERM, and the Cambridge Structural Database. 

Examples of structure databases are Beilstein, Gmehn, and CAS Registry. 

Beilstein and Gmelin are the world s largest factual databases in chemistiy. Beil-stein contains facts and structures relating to organic chemistry, whereas Gmelin provides information on inorganic, coordination, and organomctallic compounds. 

The Beilstein database [20] has more than 8.3 million (October, 2002) organic substance records from the Beilstein Handbook and abstracted from about 180 journals in organic chemistry from 1779 to the present. AH documents are critically evaluated and peer-reviewed. 

An introductory section about searching in the Beilstein Database can be found in the tutorial in Section 5.7. 

This tutorial, which is based on the Beilstein update BS0202PR (May, 2002) and on the retrieval program Cro.ssFire Commander V6,. shows. some typical advanced search examples in the Beilstein database. It is assumed that the user already knows some of the basic features of the retrieval program. Moreover, in this tutorial the CrossFire Structure Editor is used instead of the (SIS/Draw Structure Editor. The first example is a combined application of structure aiM fact retrieval, whereas the second example demonstrates reaction retrieval. 

Figure 5-18. Interactive display of the detailed Beilstein database structure.

Specinfo, from Chemical Concepts, is a factual database information system for spectroscopic data with more than 660000 digital spectra of 150000 associated structures [24], The database covers nuclear magnetic resonance spectra ( H-, C-, N-, O-, F-, P-NMR), infrared spectra (IR), and mass spectra (MS). In addition, experimental conditions (instrument, solvent, temperature), coupling constants, relaxation time, and bibliographic data are included. The data is cross-linked to CAS Registry, Beilstein, and NUMERIGUIDE. 

Beilstein Beilstein Information Systems, Inc. organic chemistry. nu- meric, struc- ture >8mio subst., >5 mio reactions 180 journals Beilstein Handbook MDL Information Systems GmbH commercial online, Chemweb, Crossfire quarterly wuAo.beilstein.- com... 

Beilstein and Cmelin are the world s largest factual databases in chemistry. 

Compounds are stored as connection tables (CT) in structure and reaction databases, e.g., Beilstein, Cmelin, CAS Registry, and CASREACT. 

Beilstein, Handhuch der Organischen Chemie, Fourth Edition, 1919-1955, 84 Volumes (J. Springer, Berlin). 

TABLE A,l. MODIFIED KEY TO BEILSTEIN S HANDBUCH DER ORGANISCHEN CHEMIE, 4TH EDITION... 

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