Solid-state lithium batteries

Path A, Path V, Shin DW, Choi JW, Paik DS, Yoon SJ (2008) Issue and challenges facing rechargeable thin film lithium batteries. Mater Res Bull 43 1913-1942 Jones SD, Akridge JR (1996) A microfabricated solid-state secondary Li battery. Solid State Ionics 86-88 1291-1294... 

Souquet JL, Duclot M (2002) Thin film lithium batteries. Solid State Ionics 148 375-379 Whittingham MS (2004) Lithium batteries and cathode materials. Chem Rev 104 4271-4301... 

Yang J., Winter M., Besenhard JO. Small particle size multiphase Li-alloy anodes for lithium-ion batteries. Solid State Ionics 1996 90 281-87. 

Julien, C., Camacho-Lopez, M. A., Mohan, T., Chitra, S., Kalyani, P., Gopukumar, S., Combustion synthesis and characterization of substituted lithium cobalt oxides in lithium batteries, Solid State Ionics 135, 241-248 (2000). 

Fig. 11.7 Schematic diagram of an all-solid state lithium-air battery using lithium anode, an inorganic solid electrolyte, and an air electrode composed of carbon nanotubes and solid electrolyte particles. Reprinted with permission from Hirokazu Kitaura etai, Energy Environ. Sci., 2012, 5,...

These materials are introduced in Chapter 5 and only brief mention of them is necessary here. It is important to appreciate that polymer electrolytes, which consist of salts, e.g. Nal, dissolved in solid cation coordinating polymers, e.g. (CH2CH20) , conduct by quite a different mechanism from crystalline or glass electrolytes. Ion transport in polymers relies on the dynamics of the framework (i.e. the polymer chains) in contrast to hopping within a rigid framework. Intense efforts are being made to make use of these materials as electrolytes in all solid state lithium batteries for both microelectronic medical and vehicle traction applications. 

Matsumoto, K., Hagiwara, R., and Tamada, O., Coordination environment around the lithium cation in solid Li2(EMlm)(N(S02CF3)2)3 (EMlm = 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium) Structural clue of ionic liquid electrolytes for lithium batteries. Solid State Sci., 8,1103-1107, 2006. 

Other developments in the area of solid state lithium batteries include prototype production and testing of thin-film microbatteries at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the USA. The fabrication involves electrode and electrolyte film deposition to form compact layers of thickness of the order of few microns. The cell uses a lithium anode, an amorphous Li3 3PO3.9N0.17 solid electrolyte and an amorphous V205 cathode ... 

Huang, F., Z. Fu, and Q. Qin. 2003. A novel Li2Ag05V2O5 composite film cathode for all-solid-state lithium batteries. Electrochem. Comm. 5 262-266. 

Brandt K. Historical development of secondary lithium batteries. Solid State Ionics 1994 69 173-183. 

Takada K, Ohta N, Zhang L, Fukuda K, Sakaguchi I, Ma R, Osada M, Sasaki T. Interfacial modification for high-power solid-state lithium batteries. Solid State Ionics 2008 179 1333-1337. 

Wen Z, Huang S, Yang X, Lin B. High rate electrode materials for lithium ion batteries. Solid State Ionics 2008 179 1800-1805. 

Xing W, Wilson AM, Zank G, Dahn JR. Pyrolysed pitch-polysilane blends for use as anode materials in lithium ion batteries. Solid State Ionics 1997 93 239-244. 

Kosova N.V., Uvarov N.F., Devyatkina E.T., Avvakumov E.G. Mechanochemical synthesis of LiMn204 cahtode material for lithium batteries. Solid State Ionics. 2000, 135 107-14. 

Ebner, W., Fouchard, D., and Xie, L., The LiNi02/carbon lithium-ion battery. Solid State Ionics, 69, 238, 1994. 

Chang, C.-C., Scarr, N., and Kumta, P.N., Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of LiMOj (M = Ni, Nio 75Coo,25) for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Solid State Ionics, 112, 329, 1998. 

Bates, J., Dudney, N., Neudecker, B., Ueda, A., and Evans, C., Thin-film lithium and lithium-ion batteries, Solid State Ionics, 135, 33, 2000. 

Pan, Q., Guo, K., Wang, L., and Fang, S., Ionic conductive copolymer encapsulated graphite as an anode material for lithium ion batteries. Solid State Ionics, 149, 193, 2000. 

Yamazoe, N., and Miura, N. 1996. Dynamically compacted rechargeable ceramic lithium batteries. Solid State Ionics 86-88, 897-902. 

Mochida, I., Ku, C., Yoon, S., and Korai, Y. (1999). Anodic performances of anisotropic carbon derived from isotropic quinohne pitch. Carbon, 37, 323-1. Wu, Y., Fang, S., and Jiang, Y. (1999). Effects of nitrogen on the carbon anode of a lithium secondary battery. Solid State Ionics, 120, 117-23. 

FIGURE 19.10 A schematic diagram af a solid-state lithium battery. Lithium metal is the anade, and TiS2 is the cathode. During operation, Li ions migrate through the solid polymer electrolyte from the anode to the cathode while electrons flow externally from the anode to the cathode to complete the circuit. 

Several patents describe solid-state lithium batteries with the iodine-thiophen charge-transfer complex. " ... 

The same concept can be applied to interfaces between the components of rechargeable solid-state lithium ion batteries, thereby improving the performance and reducing the resistivities of dc batteries [102],... 

BOU 13] BOULINEAU S., TARASCON J.-M., LERICHE J.-B., et al., Electrochemical properties of all-solid-state lithium secondary batteries using Li-argyrodite Li6PS5Cl as solid electrolyte . Solid State Ionics, vol. 242, pp. 45-48, 2013. 

Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y, Gosselink, D., Chen, P. (2014). Synthesis of poly-(ethylene-oxide)/nanoclay solid polymer electrotyte for all solid-state lithium/sulfur battery,DOI 10.1007/sll581-014-1176-2. 

Safanama, D., Damiano, D., Rao, R. R, Adams, S. (2014). Lithium conducting soiid eiectroiyte Lij + xAlxGe2 - X(P04)3 membrane for aqueous iithium air battery. Solid State Ionics. 262,211-215. 

Ha, H.J., Kil, E.H., Kwon, Y.H., Kim, J.Y., Lee, C.K., Lee, S.Y., 2012. UV-curable semi-interpenetrating polymer network-integrated, highly bendable plastic crystal composite electrolytes for shape-conformable aU-solid-state lithium ion batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 5, 6491-6499. 

During the manufacture of many polymer-containing materials, and particularly solid state lithium ion battery separators and electrodes, it is desirable to include plasticizers so that the components will be rendered porous after the plasticizer was removed. Many porous membranes and other similar porous rrraterials are produced using this method. Plasticizer is continuously reused in such processes. Plasticizers are frequently removed by extraction with suitable solvents but they rrray evaporate under low heat and low pressure conditions as described in the preserrt inverrtioa Plasticizer is removed by conductive heat transfer, forced air convection, or radiative heating, all conpled with application of the vacuum. 

Lang-sheng, Y., et al. 1993. PolyanUine used as a positive in solid-state lithium battery. / Power... 

Morford, R. V KeUam III, E. C. Hofmann, M. A. Aflcock, H. R., A fire-retardant oigano-phosphorus gel polymer electrolyte additive for use in rechargeable lithium batteries. Solid State Ionics 2000,133, 171-177. 

Ostrovskii D., ToreU L. M., Battista Appetecchi G., Scrosati B. An electrochemical and Raman spectroscopical study of gel polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries. Solid State Ionics 1998,106,19-24. 

AMBIENT TEMPERATURE SOLID-STATE LITHIUM BATTERIES... 

---