Interfacial modification

B.T.N. Vu, Interfacial Modification for the Reinforcement of Silicone Elastomer Composites. M. S. Thesis in Chemistry, The University of Cincinnati, 2001. 

DeVincent, S.M. and Michal, G.M. (1993b). Improvement of thermal and mechanical properties of graphite/copper composite through interfacial modification. J. Mater. Eng. Performance (JMEPEG) 2, 323-332. 

Some of the earliest approaches to interfacial modification for organic semiconductors included results from the Penn State group involving vapor-deposited silanes [32], a material of choice in traditional semiconductor processing, because of ease of deposition. 

Takada K, Ohta N, Zhang L, Fukuda K, Sakaguchi I, Ma R, Osada M, Sasaki T. Interfacial modification for high-power solid-state lithium batteries. Solid State Ionics 2008 179 1333-1337. 

Hornsby, PR. and Watson, C.L., Interfacial modification of polypropylene composites filled with magnesium hydroxide, J. Mater. Sci., 30, 5347-5355, 1995. 

The different flame-retardant (FR) mechanisms of action of current nanoparticles, such as layered silicates, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and nano-oxides or -hydroxides, according to their nature and interfacial modifications, are relatively well known and detailed in numerous works.5 13 These mechanisms are rather different from those exhibited by usual FRs and correspond mainly to the following physical, physicochemical, or chemical actions ... 

X. Zhang, F. Guo, J. Chen, G. Wang, and H. Liu, Investigation of interfacial modification for flame retardant EVA copolymer/alumina trihydrate nano-composites, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 2005, 87 411 418. 

Fleischer CA, Morales AR, Koberstein JT (1994) Interfacial modification through end group complexation in polymer blends. Macromolecules 27(2) 379-85... 

In another study Arias et al. showed that a vertical phase segregation could be induced in thin films spin cast from F8BT PFB blends by interfacial modification of the PEDOT PSS layer with SAMs [241]. To introduce the SAM, the PEDOT PSS layer was first modified by oxygen plasma treatment leading to... 

Hence, interfacial modifications are able to change the breakdown behavior of the solid particles dragged by the matrix flowing streams, for example, by lubrication, and introduce an additional experimental variability by way of... 

INTERFACIAL MODIFICATION OF HETEROGENEOUS MATERIALS BASED ON POLYPROPYLENE... 

From above discussion, it becomes obvious that interfacial modifications may be driven either by the dispersed phase or from the matrix perspective, or even both. But driving forces in both cases must be well balanced to achieve the desired performance of the material at the macroscopic scale. Nevertheless, because of their affinity with the matrix, an increase in the flow across the interphase due to the presence of the interfacial modifiers from the matrix side is always observed. 

Both from an applied and from an academic point of view, the polypropylene/ polyamide 6 system is indeed one of the most studied polymer/polymer binary systems, together with the interfacial modification possibilities induced in the morphology of the blend either by mixing during the processing steps or by the presence of interfacial modifiers. 

As described earlier, compatibilizers can enhance compatibility in a polymer blend by promoting physical or chemical interactions with blend components. If the compatibilizer locates at the interface, it will bind the two components together interlacing their phases. The main effect of interfacial modification on the morphology of an immiscible blend is a reduction on the particle size and a narrowing of the particle size distribution. This reduction in particle size is related with a decrease in the interfacial tension and a reduction in the coalescence process. Interfacial modification seems to be the dominant factor for controlling the dispersed phase size, and the dependence of this phase size... 

Raj, J. M., Ranganathaiah, C., Ganesh, S., Interfacial modifications in PS/PMMA and PVC/EVA blends by e-beam and microwave irradiation A free volume study. Polymer Engineering and Science 2008,48(8), 1495-1503. 

Che Chen, T. K., Jan, Y. H. Effect of rubber/matrix interfacial modifications on the properties of a... 

R. Zhu, et al. Highly efficient nanoporous TiOj-polythiophene hybrid solar cells based on interfacial modification using a metal-free organic dye. Advanced Materials, 2009. 21(9) p. 994-1000. 

Clancy, T. C. and Gates, T. S. 2006. Modeling of interfacial modification effects on thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube composites. Polymer 47 5990-5996. 

PLA can be mixed with natural rubber [71]. PLA and natural rubber are melt mixed and vacuum dried. The dried blend is cooled to room temperature, and then chopped into small granules. The composites are obtained by injection molding [71]. Without any interfacial modification, the transition from brittle to ductile failure was observed in this blend. The composite made of PLA and natural rubber blend showed good impact strength when compared to corresponding neat PLA composites [71]. 

Some research on the pre-treatment of CNTs and interfacial modification techniques have been reported, which is helpful to the preparation of CNT-filled rubber composites. " But the dispersion of CNTs into rubber materials is still problematic due to possible entanglement of the high aspect ratio CNTs and the high viscosity of rubbers. 

He C, Zhang G, Wu R, The influence of interfacial modification on tensile strength of Gr/Al composites, CG Pantano, Chen EJH eds.. Interfaces in Composites, Materials Research Society, 170, 257, 1990. 

Clement JP, Rack HJ, Interfacial modification in G/Al metal matrix composites, Symp on High Temperature Composites, Proc Am Soc Compos, Technomic Publishing Co, 11, 1989. Subramanian RV, Nyberg EA, Zirconia and organo-titanate film formation on graphite fiber reinforcement for metal matrix composites, J Mater Res, 7, 667, 1992. 

Interfacial Modifications and Bonding of Fiber Reinforced Metal Composite Material, In Yosomiya R, Morimoto K, Nakajima A, Ikada Y, Suzuki T eds.. Adhesion and Bonding in Composites, Marcel Dekker, New York, 235 256, 1990. 

Pickering KL et al (2007) Interfacial modification of hemp fiber reinforced composites using fungal and alkali treatment. J Biobased Mater Bioenergy 1(1) 109-117... 

S. Kaewkuk, W. Sutapun, and K. Jarukumjorn, Effects of interfacial modification and fiber content on physical properties of sisal fiber/polypropylene composites. Compos. B Eng. 45 (1), 544-549 (2013). 

Vu, B. T. N. Mark, J. E. Schaefer, D. W., Interfacial Modification for Controlling Silica-Polysdoxane Interactions and Bonding in Some Elastomeric Composites. Compos. Interfaces 2003,10, 451-473. 

Oberdisse J, El Hariak A, Carrot G, Jestin J, Boue F (2005) Structure and rheological properties of soft-hard nanocomposites influence of aggregation and interfacial modification. Polymer 46(17) 6695-6705... 

Finally, the rate performance of the all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries before and after interfacial modification was examined. Figure 12.13 shows the discharge profiles of the all-solid-state lithium-ion battery with the modified interface. Anode, solid electrolyte and cathode were graphite, Li7P3Sn and LiNbOs-coated UC0O2, respectively. Applied... 

Favis [7] has summarized in a well-structured chapter the effect of the viscosity ratio, blend composition, elasticity, shear stress, and interfacial modification in immiscible blends on the final phase morphology. 

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