Lithium batteries thin film

Lithium polymer electrolytes formed by dissolving a lithium salt LiX (where X is preferably a large soft anion) in poly(ethylene oxide) PEO can find useful application as separators in lithium rechargeable polymer batteries.Thin films must be used due to the relatively high ionic resistivity of these polymers. For example, the lithium-ion conductivity of PEO—Li salt complexes at 100 °C is still only about Viooth the conductivity of a typical aqueous solution. 

Kim J-B, Lee H-Y, Lee K-S, Ltm S-H, Lee S-M (2003) Fe/Si multi-layer thin film anodes for lithium rechargeable thin film batteries. Electrochem Commun 5 544—548... 

Yoo, J.E., Park, J., Cha, G., Choi, J., 2013. Micro-length anodic porous niobium oxide for lithium-ion thin film battery applications.Thin Sohd Films 531,583. 

Xie J, Oudenhoven FM, Harks PRML, Li D, Notten PHL (2015) Chemical vapor deposition of lithium phosphate thin-films for 3D all-solid-state Li-ion batteries. J Electro Chem 162 A249-A254... 

Selenium and selenium compounds are also used in electroless nickel-plating baths, delayed-action blasting caps, lithium batteries, xeroradiography, cyanine- and noncyanine-type dyes, thin-film field effect transistors (FET), thin-film lasers, and fire-resistant functional fluids in aeronautics (see... 

Principles of the (Thin Film) Rechargeable Lithium Battery... 

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Souquet JL, Duclot M (2002) Thin film lithium batteries. Solid State Ionics 148 375-379 Whittingham MS (2004) Lithium batteries and cathode materials. Chem Rev 104 4271-4301... 

Yufit V, Nathan M, Golodnitsky D, Peled E (2003) Thin-film lithium and lithium-ion batteries with electrochemically deposited molybdenum oxysulfide cathodes. J Power Sources 122 169-173... 

Ye.O. Illin, V.Z. Barsukov and V.S. Tverdokhleb. Capabilities of tin thin films as negative materials for lithium-ion batteries. This book 2004. 

A calculation of the power requirements of the smart dust mote underscores our point that the present generation of batteries cannot effectively power this device. Thin-film batteries are among the most advanced of the lithium battery systems, with a capability to scale down to dimensions on the same order of magnitude as the cubic millimeter of the dust mote. 3 The energy density for the thin-film system is 2 J mm , which matches or exceeds standard lithium ion systems, such as those that power laptop computers. A key design requirement for the smart dust mote is that the power consumption cannot exceed 10 juW. If the dust mote uses this power continuously over a day, it will consume 1 J. 

The energy per unit area as reported for several lithium thin-film batteries ranges from 0.25 to 2 x 10 2 J mm. Thus, thm-fiim batteries, despite their excellent energy per unit volume, fall far short of being able to power a smart dust mote for 1 day. If the areal footprint were made 100 times larger (at 1 cm ), the thin-film approach would be acceptable. The consequences of the 2-D nature of thin-film batteries are easily overlooked. The calculation by Koeneman et al. ignored the 2-D character of thin-film batteries when they concluded that these batteries could carry out some 60 000 actuations of a smart bearing ." When one considers the actual area available for the power source on the device, only about 1200 actuations are possible. 

OtherCells Several other cells with zinc as an active material have been studied in recent years. The zinc-containing compounds were used as anodes in lithium-ion batteries [353-355]. One such compound is nanocrystalline ZnFe204 and AgxZnFe204 (x = 0.16, 0.37, and 0.50) [355], which have been prepared as thin films, by reactive pulsed laser deposition. Especially good performance in the battery of the Ago.3yZnFe204 film electrode has been shown. 

Other developments in the area of solid state lithium batteries include prototype production and testing of thin-film microbatteries at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the USA. The fabrication involves electrode and electrolyte film deposition to form compact layers of thickness of the order of few microns. The cell uses a lithium anode, an amorphous Li3 3PO3.9N0.17 solid electrolyte and an amorphous V205 cathode ... 

Figure 3.17 Cross-sectional diagram of a thin film rechargeable lithium battery based on the conductivity of lithium triflate in solid pol y W.v(mcthoxyethoxyethoxy )phosphazene].

Huang, F., Z.W. Fu, Y.Q. Chu, W.Y. Liu, and Q.Z. Qin. 2004. Characterization of composite 0.5Ag V205 thin-film electrodes for lithium-ion rocking chair and all-solid-state batteries. Electrochem. and Solid-State Lett. 7 A180-A184. 

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