Chronic asthma

A broncho dilator is a drug used to relieve bron-chospasm associated with respiratory disorders, such as bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema These conditions are progressive disorders characterized by a decrease in die inspiratory and expiratory capacity of die lung. Collectively, tiiey are often referred to as COPD. The patient with COPD experiences dyspnea (difficulty breatiiing) with physical exertion, has difficulty inhaling and exhaling, and may exhibit a chronic cough. 

Each of these properties may be exploited to some extent when prescribing a P-blocker, while others (membrane stabilization activity and ISA) are more of theoretical interest, with less relative value in clinical practice. For example, consider a patient with mild asthma, chronic obstructive... 

Atypical symptoms include non-allergic asthma, chronic cough, hoarseness, pharyngitis, chest pain, and dental erosions. 

Live attenuated influenza LAIV 0.5 mL Intranasal Severe egg allergy Asthma Chronic health problems Immunocompromised host Pregnant women History of Guillain-Barre syndrome... 

Atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, and metoprolol are cardioselective at low doses and bind more avidly to /Ij-receptors than to /J2-receptors. As a result, they are less likely to provoke bronchospasm and vasoconstriction and may be safer than nonselective /1-blockers in patients with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, and PAD. Cardioselectiv-ity is a dose-dependent phenomenon, and the effect is lost at higher doses. 

Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia Others... 

Medical indications Chronic pulmonary disease (excluding asthma) chronic cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus chronic liver diseases, including liver disease as a result of alcohol abuse (e.g., cirrhosis) chronic alcoholism, chronic renal failure or nephrotic syndrome functional or anatomic asplenia (e.g, sickle cell disease or splenectomy [if elective splenectomy is planned, vaccinate at least 2 weeks before surgery]) immunosuppressive conditions and cochlear implants and cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Vaccinate as close to HIV diagnosis as possible. 

Histamine Hr Human cDNA Allergy inflammation, asthma, chronic sinusitis, rhinitis, epilepsy migraine, motion sickness, pain, cancer Smooth muscle contraction, increase in vascular permeability stimulation of hormone release (adrenal medulla), increase in neuronal firing... 

The TP receptor requires the G/G protein to activate the Src-Ras-ERKl/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2) cascade to induce the proliferative response, which in turn promotes the rapid nuclear translocation of activated ERKl/2 (201). Because TP receptor may be activated by many inflammatory mediators (202-204), these findings suggest new therapeutic strategies that alter the ASM hypertrophy or hyperplasia observed in the chronic airflow obstruction and airway inflammation that characterizes asthma, chronic bronchitis, bronchiolitis obliterans, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 

Some studies of survivors of massive chlorine exposures have shown either persistent obstructive or restrictive deficits, but pre-exposure data on these patients were not available. Persistent respiratory symptoms, bronchial obstruction, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness were observed in 82%, 23%, and 41 % of chronically exposed pulp mill workers, respectively, 18-24 months after cessation of exposure." In most cases it is not known whether prolonged symptoms after chlorine exposure are due to aggravation of preexisting conditions such as tuberculosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or heart disease." "... 

It is used for preventing and relieving bronchospasms in bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, and other broncho-pulmonary diseases. Synonyms are bretin and bricanyl. 

Asthma, chronic Maintenance and prophylactic treatment of asthma includes patients who require systemic corticosteroids and those who may benefit from systemic dose reduction/elimination for the maintenance treatment of asthma and as prophylactic therapy in children 12 months to 8 years of age (budesonide respules). 

Hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine also is indicated for sedation (oral only) analgesia, adjunctive therapy (parenteral only) antiemetic (parenteral only) as adjunctive therapy in allergic conditions with strong emotional overlay, such as asthma, chronic urticaria, and pruritus (parenteral only). 

Asthma, chronic For the long-term, twice-daily maintenance treatment of asthma in patients 4 years of age and older. 

Epidural/Intrathecal administration Limit epidural or intrathecal administration of preservative-free morphine and sufentanil to the lumbar area. Intrathecal use has been associated with a higher incidence of respiratory depression than epidural use. Asthma and other respiratory conditions The use of bisulfites is contraindicated in asthmatic patients. Bisulfites and morphine may potentiate each other, preventing use by causing severe adverse reactions. Use with extreme caution in patients having an acute asthmatic attack, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cor pulmonale, a substantially decreased respiratory reserve, and preexisting respiratory depression, hypoxia, or hypercapnia. Even usual therapeutic doses of narcotics may decrease respiratory drive while simultaneously increasing airway resistance to the point of apnea. Reserve use for those whose conditions require endotracheal intubation and respiratory support or control of ventilation. In these patients, consider alternative nonopioid analgesics, and employ only under careful medical supervision at the lowest effective dose. 

Pulmonary disease Pilocarpine has been reported to increase airway resistance, bronchial smooth muscle tone, and bronchial secretions. Administer with caution and under close medical supervision in patients with controlled asthma, chronic bronchitis, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 

Unlabeled Uses Bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiogenic shock, overt cardiac failure, second or third degree AV block, severe sinus bradycardia... 

About 10 yr after men had been gassed, Gilchrist and Matz2 found residual disabilities, such as chronic bronchitis (usually accompanied by emphysema), bronchial asthma, chronic conjunctivitis, blepharitis, keratitis, and corneal opacities. 

In respect of persons who were in ill health previous to exposure, we have paid particular attention to cases of asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. We believe that it must be accepted in principle that exposure to CS may precipitate an acute asthmatic attack, but we found no evidence that such attacks differed in kind or degrees from those attributable to natural causes and, in the cases that we either saw or heard of, we were unable to exclude the possibility that the attacks in mid-August were due to such causes. 

All cholinesterase inhibitors should be used with caution in patients with cardiac conduction problems because vagotonic effects can lead to bradycardia. In addition, caution is warranted in patients with comorbid asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bladder outlet obstruction, or seizures, as well as in patients at risk for gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding (Fuller and Sajatovic 2000). 

Respiratory system (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD emphysema, chronic bronchitis], acute obstructive lung disease [asthma], chronic restrictive lung disease [connective tissue lung disease])... 

Albuterol Selective B2 agonist Prompt, efficacious bronchodilation Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) drug of choice in acute asthmatic bronchospasm Aerosol inhalation duration several hours also available for nebulizer and parenteral use Toxicity. Tremor, tachycardia t overdose arrhythmias... 

However, in individuals with increased intracranial pressure, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or cor pulmonale, this decrease in respiratory function may not be tolerated. Opioid-induced respiratory depression remains one of the most difficult clinical challenges in the treatment of severe pain. Research is ongoing to understand and develop analgesic agents and adjuncts that avoid this effect. Research to overcome this problem is focused on 5 receptor pharmacology and serotonin signaling pathways in the brainstem respiratory control centers. 

Sustained acid suppression with twice-daily proton pump inhibitors for at least 3 months is used to treat extraesophageal complications of reflux disease (asthma, chronic cough, laryngitis, and noncardiac chest pain). 

Royal jelly Tonic Bronchospasm, anaphylaxis Avoid in patients with chronic allergies or respiratory diseases asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, atopy... 

N.A. Solanum dulcamara L. Steroidal alkaloids, solasodine, soldulcamaridine, steroidal saponins, tannins.99 Treat eczema, itchiness, psoriasis, and warts. It relieves asthma, chronic bronchitis, and rheumatic conditions. 

Invertebrate animals such as corals, jellyfish, and sea anemones are belonging to phylum Cnidaria. Corals are used as an ingredient in traditional medicine for treating various diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis, asthma, chronic bronchitis, urinary diseases, and cancer (Gopal et ah, 2008). Corals contain mostly Ca and minor amounts of Mg, Fe, and P. Calcined corals or calcium extracted from marine corals have shown effective as therapeutic agent for controlling cancer, diabetes, and many other deadly diseases. Corals with high species diversity in the tropical oceans are often rich in bioactive molecules and preferential... 

Adverse Effects. Oral administration of oseltamivir can cause gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. Zanamivir, which is administered by inhalation, is associated with bronchospasm and reduced opening of the airway. The adverse effects of zanamivir can be quite severe in people with bronconstrictive disease (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and this drug should probably be avoided in these individuals. 

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