Respiratory disease asthma

In addition to the NOD mouse, Entelos has models for several human metabolic diseases (diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome), inflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis), and respiratory diseases (asthma and COPD). 

Use with caution in older patients with Significant cardiovascular disease, 2nd or 3rd degree heart block. Severe sinus bradycardia. Severe respiratory disease (asthma, COPD), Diabetes, Myasthenia Gravis... 

Royal jelly Tonic Bronchospasm, anaphylaxis Avoid in patients with chronic allergies or respiratory diseases asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, atopy... 

Environmental Studies. A review of the contemporary field of air pollution analyses by GC was published in the first volume of Contemporary Topics in Analytical and Clinical Chemistry (11). A book by Grob and Kaiser (12) discussed the use of LC and GC for this type of analysis. Many chronic respiratory diseases (asthma, lung cancer, emphysema, and bronchitis) could result from air pollution or be directly influenced by air pollution. Air samples can be very complex mixtures, and GC is easily adapted to the separation and analysis of such mixtures. Two publications concerned with the adaptation of cryogenic GC to analyses of air samples are References 13 and 14. Chapter 15 covers the application of GC in the environmental area. 

Epidemiological studies of nickel-producing and nickel-using workers seldom indicate excess mortaUty from nonmalignant respiratory disease. Evidence for such effects exists mainly as a few reports of isolated incidents of asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema in nickel workers. Nickel may or may not play a causal role in these incidents (131). 

Rhinitis is characterized by nasal stuffiness with partial or full obstmction, and itching of the nose, eyes, palate, or pharynx, sneezing, and rhinorrhoea. If left untreated it can lead to more serious respiratory diseases such as sinusitis or asthma. Although several types of dmgs are available for treatment, nasal spray topical corticosteroids are widely regarded as the reference standard in rhinitis therapy (250). 

Add Aerosol acidic liquid or solid particles that are small enough to become airborne. High concentrations of acid aerosols can be irritating to the lungs and have been associated with some respiratory diseases, such as asthma. 

Zanamivir is used cautiously with pregnancy (Category C), lactation, asthma, COPD, or other underlying respiratory diseases. No significant drug interactions have been reported with the use of zanamivir. 

Nebulizers and aerosols are starting to be used in small animals. Kittenhood respiratory diseases seem to respond to nebulizers, as does feline asthma in adult cats. 

Aerosolised medicines have been used for centuries to treat respiratory diseases, with inhalation therapy for the airways focused primarily on the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The development of new products for delivery to the lungs for these respiratory diseases includes new steroids and beta agonists plus combination products featuring both agents. New classes of anti-asthma medication are also being developed for inhalation with the aim of delivering them directly to the inflamed airways. 

Shortness of breath, cough, and wheeze are common symptoms of respiratory diseases (Table 3.2). These shared symptoms make misdiagnosis by physicians common if the diagnosis is based solely on reported symptoms. Medical tests help to distinguish the respiratory diseases from each other (Table 3.3). Other pitfalls in medical diagnosis include diagnosing common diseases (such as asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis) instead of the actual rarer diseases (such as BO) and not considering occupational exposures as the cause. 

As discussed in Section 2.6, chronic alcoholics receiving Antabuse (disulfiram) therapy are potentially more susceptible to toxic and neoplastic effects of 1,2-dibromoethane. It also follows that individuals with compromised liver or renal function or with asthma or other chronic respiratory diseases may have increased susceptibility to the toxic effects of 1,2-dibromoethane however, chemical-specific effects have not been identified. 

One hint of possible trouble to come is provided by the information we described in Chapter 4, related to airborne particulate matter (PM). The available evidence ascribes significant increases in the risks of asthma and other respiratory diseases, certain cardiovascular conditions, and lung cancer to PM exposure, particularly those that average less than 2.5 pm (2500 nm) in size. As we noted, the chemical composition of these particles varies widely, depending upon source, but may not be as important as particle size as a risk determinant. Moreover, there is some experimental evidence pointing to the so-called ultra-fines, PM with dimensions below 100 nm, as significant contributors to PM risk. In addition some experimental studies have demonstrated that ultrafines not only distribute themselves throughout the airways, but seem to be able to translocate to other parts of the body - liver, heart, perhaps the CNS. 

Several studies have attempted to correlate increased numbers of hospital admissions with variations in photochemical-oxidant pollution. The California Department of Public Health study of excess mortalhy also investigated hospital admissions as a possible health indicator of oxidant pollution. Admissions to Los Angeles County General Hospital in September through December 1954 for childhood asthma, tuberculosis, other respiratory diseases, and all other causes were examined. No significant association with oxidant concentrations was found. 

The EPA is conducting a major study in the Los Angeles basin on the effects of photochemical oxidants on health. It is a survey of schoolchildren in seven communities representing a gradient of oxidant exposure. In addition to comprehensive environmental monitoring data, specific health characteristics will be followed, including chronic respiratory disease in adults, lower respiratory disease in children, acute respiratory disease in both children and adults, pulmonary function in children, aggravation of asthma, irritation of mucous membranes, and tissue residues of trace metals. Complete data from this study will not be available for another 3 yr, but data from the first 2 yr may become available sooner. 

A subsequent mortality study of this same cohort found significant increases for death due to lung cancer. (Mortality from noncarcino-genic respiratory diseases including bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma also occurred in excess.)... 

Underlying respiratory disease Zanamivir has not been shown to be effective and may carry risk in patients with severe or decompensated COPD or asthma, and serious adverse events have been reported in such patients. Therefore, zanamivir is not generally recommended for treatment of patients with underlying airways disease such as asthma or COPD. 

American Thoracic Society. Chronic bronchitis, asthma, and pulmonary emphysema a statement by the Committee on Diagnostic Standards for Nontuberculous respiratory Diseases. Am Rev Respir Dis 1962 85 762-8. 

L C. Inflammation of the airway is a hallmark of asthma. The use of antiinflammatory drugs, such as inhaled corticosteroids, is critical to the long-term control of asthma. No credible data indicate either that asthma is psychosomatic or that it develops in response to vaccinations against childhood diseases. Asthma is a disease limited to the airways. It does not involve the lung parenchyma. Although upper respiratory tract infections can exacerbate asthma symptoms, asthma is not caused by infection, nor is it communicable. 

The Hlmsworth committee visited Londonderry in July 1970 and Investigated the health of those known to have been suffering from various illnesses before the riots, who might have been affected by exposure to CS. A primary concern was for adverse reactions In people with respiratory diseases, such as chronic bronchitis and asthma. Although exposure to CS had exacerbated effects in patients with chronic bronchitis, a followup visit showed that they had returned to their preriot health status. Much the same results were found with asthma patients. No Increase In the frequency of attacks had been noticed. 

Respiratory system (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD emphysema, chronic bronchitis], acute obstructive lung disease [asthma], chronic restrictive lung disease [connective tissue lung disease])... 

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