Allergy and Inflammation

Inflammation is a local protective response to infection or injury whereby cells and proteins in the blood enter to remove the pathogens and repair the damaged tissue. Edema, redness, pain, and heat are the four cardinal symptoms of inflammation. Extent of reactions is determined by inflammatory mechanisms mediated by serum protein or cellular systems. Serum protein systems include complement, coagulation, fibrinolysis, and kinin cellular systems include PMN cells, mast cells, platelets, eosinophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, and reticuloendothelial system. Insufficient responses result in immunodeficiency leading to cancer and infections excessive responses are the cause of a number of chronic diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer s disease (Tracey, 2002). 

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Another set of studies on allergy and inflammation consists of a direct determination of PAF-acether after HPLC purification of human blood extracts. PAF-acether... 

Theoharides TC, Kalogeromitros D. 2006. The critical role of mast cells in allergy and inflammation. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1088 78-99. 

A second major area in which the ready availability of the leukotrienes will undoubtedly prove of great value is in the discovery and development of new drug entities for the treatment of a variety of disease states. The leukotrienes have long been implicated in allergy and inflammation, and it seems safe to say that they will be found to play important roles in a variety of other disorders. Thus the development of drugs that stimulate, inhibit, or modulate their activities will hopefully prove useful in the treatment or cure of some of these disorders, and the ready accessibility of the pure leukotrienes by synthesis will facilitate the task of the pharmacologist and the medicinal chemist to discover agents that modify their action. 

The potent corticoid triamcinolone (desacetyl-29-5) is also available in a range of formulations for the treatment of both allergy and inflammation. A triamcinolone salve, for example, is indicated for topical treatment of rashes and the like (unlike cortisone, this requires a physician s prescription). Treatment of asthma comprises an important indication for the dmg. This use invokes the fact that the lungs originate embryologically from the same cell layer as skin. Triamcinolone is formulated as an inhalable powder for this purpose. Insuflation of the drug consequently constitutes topical administration... 

Cortisone, a substance with glucocorticoid and mineralo-corticoid properties (25 to 300 mg p.o. or IM daily on an alternate-day schedule), is indicated in the treatment of adrenal insufficiency, allergy, and inflammation. 

Access to trans-2,5-diaryl-substituted tetrahydrofurans is important, because such compounds have been shown to have activity as platelet activating factor antagonists with potential in the treatment of allergy and inflammation (Scheme 6.16) [46]. The synthesis of the antagonist L-659989 (83)... 

Hydrocortisone, a naturally occurring hormone produced in the adrenal glands, is often used to treat inflammation, severe allergies, and numerous other conditions. Is the indicated -OH group in the molecule axial or equatorial ... 

Joshua M. Farber Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA Amy M. Fulton Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, and... 

Mia. Menkin, V., Modem views on inflammation. Intern. Arch. Allergy and Appl. Immunol. 4, 131-168 (1953). 

O.R. Gottlieb, M. Yoshida and B.B. Vargaftig, in Franco-Brasilian Symposium on Chemistry and Pharmacology of Natural Products in Inflammation Allergy and Thrombosis, (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) November 16-19, (1986) Abstr. 23. 

Oh JW, Seroogy CM, Meyer EH, et al CD4 T-helper cells engineered to produce IL-10 prevent allergen-induced airway hyperreactivity and inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002 110 460-468. 

Often inflammation of the eye ( red eye ) is caused by viruses or non-infectious causes such as allergy and irritation. Antibiotic treatment is not useful in this setting. 

P-gp mediates the transport of a broad range of amphipathic hydro-phobic substrates which includes a variety of pharmacologically distinct agents used in cancer chemotherapy, hypertension, allergy, infection, immunosuppression, neurology, and inflammation (see review by Marzolini et al. (112)). 

Cortisol is an important steroid hormone. It helps your body synthesize protein. Cortisol can also reduce inflammation, and is used to treat allergies and rheumatoid arthritis. 

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that affects the epidermis and is characterized by eczema and itching. Two percent of the adult population is afflicted by atopic dermatitis, often with the earliest manifestation first appearing in childhood.The peak incidence occurs during the fourth or fifth decade.There is a femily tendency as well as a predisposition to allergy and asthma. Periorbital inflammation is a common manifestation of atopy. Acute manifestations include exudative lesions, erythema, and edema. Chronic manifestations include dry scaly lesions with lichenification. 

D. R. (1995). Vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor an important mediator of angiogenesis in malignancy and inflammation. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 107,233-235. 

Ho GJ, Drego R, Hakimian E, Masliah E (2005) Mechanisms of cell signaling and inflammation in Alzheimer s disease. Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy 4 247-56. 

Lee SJ, Lee S (2002) Toll-like receptors and inflammation in the CNS. Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy 1 181-191. 

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