Urinary diseases

Solanum indicum L. Niu Zi Qie (Indian nightshade) (root, leaf, fruit) Diosgenin, solanidine, solanine, solasodine, alkaloids, carbohydrases, maltase, saccharase, melibiase.50 Antidote for poison, for urinary disease. 

Invertebrate animals such as corals, jellyfish, and sea anemones are belonging to phylum Cnidaria. Corals are used as an ingredient in traditional medicine for treating various diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis, asthma, chronic bronchitis, urinary diseases, and cancer (Gopal et ah, 2008). Corals contain mostly Ca and minor amounts of Mg, Fe, and P. Calcined corals or calcium extracted from marine corals have shown effective as therapeutic agent for controlling cancer, diabetes, and many other deadly diseases. Corals with high species diversity in the tropical oceans are often rich in bioactive molecules and preferential... 

Renal Effects. No increases in genital/urinary disease were evident in a cohort of 3,408 workers from 4 former facilities that produced chromium compounds from chromite ore in northern New Jersey sometime between 1937 and 1971. The proportionate mortality ratios for white and black men were 71 (40-117) and 47 (15-111), respectively. Exposure durations ranged from less <1 year to >20 years (Rosenman and Stanbury 1996). 

Cinnamon is used as an ingredient in many Ayurvedic and Unani medicinal preparations. The bark of C. zeylanicum is an aphrodisiac, anthelmintic and tonic. It is useful in the treatment of vata, biliousness, parched mouth, bronchitis, diarrhoea, itching, heart disease and urinary disease. The bark is a carminative and expectorant it is useful in hydrocoele, flatulence, headache, piles, etc. (Kirtikar and Basu, 1984). Cinnamon possesses various biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and antiallergic. 

GROUP6 Herbal resources for urinary diseases Piuretics GROUP7 Herbal resources for malfunction of the feminine reproductive apparatus ... 

From our investigation it is evident that abnormal excretion of tryptophan metabolites is not a typical feature of bladder tumor subjects, since human beings with neoplastic and nonneoplastic extrabladder urinary diseases have also been found to excrete spontaneously elevated amounts of tryptophan derivatives. It seems that the metabolic abnormality is not restricted to bladder tumors, but is rather more specific for patients with tumors of the upper urinary tracts and of the renal parenchyma. Actually 59% of these patients (Fig. 4) excreted abnormal amounts of kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine, and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. 

An Inquiry into the Nature and Treatment of Gravel, Calculus and other Diseases connected with a Deranged Operation of the Urinary Organs, London, 1821 (227 pp. and coloured illustration pref. dated 12 December 1820) 2 ed. 1825 (3 8 pp.), 3 ed.. On the Nature and Treatment of Stomach and Urinary Diseases Being an Inquiry into-the Connexion of Diabetes, Calculus, and other Affections of the Kidney and Bladder, with Indigestion, 1840 (483 pp.) 4 ed.. On the Nature and Treatment of Stomach and Renal Diseases, 1843 (593 pp.) s ed., 1848 (505 pp.) American ed. (from 2 ed., enlarged), Philadelphia, 1826. 

Origin of the Two Peaks for 2-0xo-3-methylvaleric Acid Produced by the Oximation of the Keto Acids Occurring in Maple Syrup Urinary Disease J. Chromatogr. 182(2) 221-225 (1980) CA 93 40685d... 

NIDDM is a much more common disease than IDDM, accounting for about 85—90% of all cases of diabetes meUitus. Whereas NIDDM may be present at any age, the incidence increases dramatically with advanced age over 10% of the population reaching 70 years of age has NIDDM. Patients with NIDDM do not require insulin treatment to maintain life or prevent the spontaneous occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis. Therefore, NIDDM is frequendy asymptomatic and unrecognized, and diagnosis requires screening for elevations in blood or urinary sugar. Most forms of NIDDM are associated with a family history of the disease, and NIDDM is commonly associated with and exacerbated by obesity. The causes of NIDDM are not well understood and there may be many molecular defects which lead to NIDDM. 

Theory and Equipment. Many diseases of the human body can be identified by visual appearance. Tumors in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, for example, possess a characteristic salmon pink color (3). The presence of such a color can be an indication of disease. Endoscopy is the medical imaging tool used to detect such colors in the inside of hoUow internal organs such as the rectum, urethra, urinary bladder, stomach, colon, etc. An endoscope is the instmment used to perform endoscopy. Endoscopic imaging involves the production of a tme color picture of the inside of the human body using lenses and either hoUow pipes, a fiber optic bundle, or a smaU CCD camera. AU three use a large field-of-view, sometimes referred to as a fish eye, lens to aUow a 180° field of view. 

L-Dopa and Trimethoprim are two other dmgs that can be made from vanillin. u-Dopa is used for the treatment of Parkinson s disease Trimethoprim is an antiinfective agent used mainly for urinary tract infections and certain venereal diseases. Also, Mebeverine, an antispasmodic agent, and Verazide, a generic antitubercular agent, are dmgs that can be made from vanillin or its derivatives. 

Chlorhexidine has found other medical appHcations, eg, in urology in preventing urinary tract infections (217), in obstetrics and gynecology (218), in controlling infection in bums and wounds (219), and in the prevention of oral disease (220). Hypersensitivity to chlorhexidine has been reported in Japan (221) but 0.05% concentration is considered to be safe. 

The separation of proteins and peptides mixtures is the objective of protein biochemisdy. Albumin (Mr 66 000) concentration in a biological fluid (seaim, urine or cerebrbrospinal fluid) is assayed as markers for a series disease, such as nephritic syndrome or chronic glomuleronephritis. In diabetic patients the progression of microalbuminuria is accompanied by an increase in urinary concentrations of human semm albumen. In normal the excretion of albumin is 20 (tg/ml, in pathology - 20-200 p.g/ml. 

France plastic diseases of the lower urinary tract Printing worker (ever) M 7/3 3.0 0.7-13.8 ... 

More then a dozen representatives of the above ring systems were introduced into the human therapy. Actisomide (2) and trequinsin (3) are used as antiarrhytmic and antihypertensive agents, respectively. Sunepitron (4), a a 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, is under clinical trials for the treatment of anxiety and depression. Representatives of the third generation of antibacterial quinolone-3-carboxylic acids the blockbluster ofloxacin (5), its levorotatory enantiomer, levofloxacin (6), and rufloxacin (7) have gained wide acceptance for the treatment of bacterial infections of the respiratory and urinary tracts, skin, and soft tissues, as well as sexually transmitted diseases, and pazufloxacin (8) is under development. Praziquantel (9) is widely applied for the treatment of schistosomes- and cestode-caused infection in both veterinary and human therapies (Scheme 4). 

Recently, multidimensional GC has been employed in enantioselective analysis by placing a chiral stationary phase such as a cyclodextrin in the second column. Typically, switching valves are used to heart-cut the appropriate portion of the separation from a non-chiral column into a chiral column. Heil et al. used a dual column system consisting of a non-chiral pre-column (30 m X 0.25 mm X 0.38 p.m, PS-268) and a chiral (30 m X 0.32 mm X 0.64 p.m, heptakis(2,3-di-(9-methyl-6-(9-tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-(3-cyclodextrin) (TBDM-CD) analytical column to separate derivatized urinary organic acids that are indicative of metabolic diseases such as short bowel syndrome, phenylketonuria, tyrosinaemia, and others. They used a FID following the pre-column and an ion trap mass-selective detector following the... 

Urinary lithiasis is a disease in which calculi form in the kidney and urinary tract. Roughly 5 % of the human population suffers to some degree from urinary lithiasis. A number of severely afflicted patients (e.g. ca. 60,000 in West Germany and more than 100,000 in the U.S.) are hospitalized yearly for major surgical treatment. Obviously, nephrolithiasis is not only a common ailment but also an issue of great social and economic consequence. 

Antagonists of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors had widely been used since 1860 for the treatment of Parkinson s disease, prior to the discovery of l-DOPA. They block receptors that mediate the response to striatal cholinergic interneurons. The antiparkinsonian effects of drugs like benzatropine, trihexyphenidyl and biper-iden are moderate the resting tremor may sometimes respond in a favorable manner. The adverse effects, e.g., constipation, urinary retention, and mental confusion, may be troublesome, especially in the elderly. 

Diuretics promote the urinary excretion of sodium and water by inhibiting the absorption of filtered fluid across the renal tubular epithelium. The ensuing reduction in Na reabsorption reduces the Na content of the body, the critical determinant of extracellular and plasma fluid volumes. Thus, the use of diuretics is primarily indicated in the treatment of edematous diseases and of arterial hypertension. 

Several diseases involving dysregulation of MR function have been described although most of them are not causatively linked to the receptor itself. Pseudohypoaldosteronism for example is a syndrome of mineralocorticoid resistance characterized by urinary salt loss and dehydration. However, only very rarely mutations in the MR gene have been found in these patients so far. In most cases, this syndrome appears to be linked to defects in the subunits of the amiloride-sensitive sodium channel ENaC, a major target of mineralocorticoid action in the kidney. 

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