Cochlear implants

Surgery, trauma—neurosurgery head trauma, CSF shunt, cochlear implant... 

The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is recommended for use in all adults 65 years of age or older and adults less than 65 years who have medical comorbidities that increase the risk for serious complications from S. pneumoniae infection, such as chronic pulmonary disorders, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic liver disease, chronic renal failure, functional or anatomic asplenia, and immunosuppressive disorders. Alaskan natives and certain Native American populations are also at increased risk. Children over the age of 2 years may be vaccinated with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine if they are at increased risk for invasive S. pneumoniae infections, such as children with sickle cell anemia or those receiving cochlear implants. 

Passive and active exposure to cigarette smoke and the presence of a cochlear implant that includes a positioner both increase the risk of bacterial meningitis. 

Medical indications Chronic pulmonary disease (excluding asthma) chronic cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus chronic liver diseases, including liver disease as a result of alcohol abuse (e.g., cirrhosis) chronic alcoholism, chronic renal failure or nephrotic syndrome functional or anatomic asplenia (e.g, sickle cell disease or splenectomy [if elective splenectomy is planned, vaccinate at least 2 weeks before surgery]) immunosuppressive conditions and cochlear implants and cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Vaccinate as close to HIV diagnosis as possible. 

Dillier et al., 1993] Dillier, N, Frolich, T., Kompis, M., Bogli, H., and Lai, W. (1993). Digital signal processing (DSP) applications for multiband loudness correction digital hearing aids and cochlear implants. J. Rehab. Res. andDevel., 30 95-109. 

McDermott et al., 1992] McDermott, H., McKay, C., and Vandali, A. (1992). A new portable sound processor for the University of Melbourne/ Nucleus Limited multielectrode cochlear implant. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 91 3367-3371. 

Patrick and Clark, 1991] Patrick, J. and Clark, G. (1991). The nucleus 22-channel cochlear implant system. Ear and Hearing, 12 3S-9S. 

Tong et al., 1979] Tong, Y., Black, R., Clark, G., Forster, I., Millar, J., and O Loughlin, B. (1979). A preliminary report on a multiple-channel cochlear implant operation. J. Laryngol. Otol., 93 679-695. 

Clipping, 340 Cochlea, 239-240, 259 Cochlear implants, 275 Cochlear partition, 240 Coding, 63... 

Two areas of signal processing research in cochlear implants are coding strategies for multi-electrode excitation and the development of noise-suppression systems. One of the problems in cochlear implants is that there is a large spread of the electrical stimulation within the cochlea. Because of this, simultaneous electrical pulses at... 

Hochberg et al., 1992] Hochberg, I., Boothroyd, A., Weiss, M., and Heilman, S. (1992). Effects of noise suppression on speech perception by cochlear implant users. Ear and Hearing, 13 263-271. 

Wilson et al., 1993] Wilson, B., Finley, C., Lawson, D., Wolford, R., and Zerbi, M. (1993). Design and evaluation of a continuous interleaved sampling (cis) processing strategy for multichannel cochlear implants. J. Rehab. Res. and Devel., 30 110-116. 

Spectral Processing In Cochlear Implants Colette M. McKay... 

In a retrospective review in a specialized otological center, 12 patients were identified with rapidly progressive hearing loss and a concurrent history of hydrocodone overuse with paracetamol (5). These patients were helped by cochlear implantation. 

Reefhuis J, Honein MA, Whitney CG, et al. Risk of bacterial meningitis in children with cochlear implants. N Engl J Med 2003 349 435 45. 

CDC. Pneumococcal vaccination for cochlear implant candidates and recipients Updated recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR 2003 52 739-740. 

Numerous examples of developing conducting polymer actuators to operate as artificial muscles have been described in the literature. For example, a steerable cochlear implant with the CRC Cochlear Implant. (Melbourne, Australia), is under development.126 The microactuator will assist surgeons during implantation of the Bionic... 

Many people who are hard of hearing or completely deaf have been helped by cochlear implants. How is it possible to mimic the natural hearing process ... 

Computer-brain interfaces can work two ways. Cochlear implants have been developed to detect sound with an external microphone and relay the electrical signal to electrode arrays that directly stimulate inner ear nerve fibers. A visual prosthesis promises to similarly help the blind by applying electrical signals from a camera to an array of microelectrodes implanted into the visual cortex of the brain. Electrical signals from the brain can be used to control prosthetic limbs, computer software, or robots. Electrodes implanted into the pleasure centers of the brains of rats have been used to train rats to respond to investigators commands. 

An experiment published in 1957 by Djourno and Eyries [ 17] is credited with inspiring the development of the cochlear implant. Paris otologist C. Eyries, and neurophysiologist A. Djourno implanted wires in the inner ear of a deaf patient and were able to elicit sensations of sound with electrical stimulation. This experiment was reproduced in 1964 by Doyle et al. [58] in Los Angeles. 

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