Allergic conditions

Control of severe or incapacitating allergic conditions not controlled by other methods, bronchial asthma (including status asthmaticus), contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, serum sickness, drug hypersensitivity reactions... 

The primary health care provider examines the eye and external structures surrounding the eye and prescribes the drug indicated to treat the disorder. The nurse examines the eye for irritation, redness, and the presence of any exudate and carefully documents the findings in the patient s record. A purulent discharge is often found with infection of the eye. Pruritus (itching) is often present with allergic conditions of the eye. It is also important to determine if any visual impairment is present because this would indicate the need for assistance with ambulation and possibly activities of daily living. 

Sodium chloride 0.9% is safe and effective in relieving rhinorrhoea. It is safer to use in children than topical nasal decongestants (xylometazoline), which are to be avoided in children under 6 years as the latter are more likely are cause side-effects (such as effects on sleep or hallucinations). Budesonide spray is used for allergic conditions and is not normally used in paediatric patients. Benzydamine spray is a throat spray intended to relieve pain in the throat. Mupirocin is indicated for staphylococcal infections. 

Local anesthetics are used for pain relief, soreness, itching, and irritation associated with disturbance of the integrity of the skin and mucous membranes (cuts, bites, wounds, rashes, allergic conditions, fungal infections, skin sores, and cracking). 

Hj antihistamines are clinically used in the treatment of histamine-mediated allergic conditions. Specifically, these indications may include allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic dermatological conditions (contact dermatitis), pruritus (atopic dermatitis, insect... 

Antihistamines can be administered topically (through the skin, nose, or eyes) or sys-temically, based on the nature of the allergic condition. 

Astemizole is used for preventing and treating severe seasonal and chronic allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, hives, Quinke s edema, other allergic conditions and dermatitis. Synonyms of this drug are hismanal, histazol, and others. 

Calcium gluconate - To decrease capillary permeability in allergic conditions, nonthrombocytopenic purpura and exudative dermatoses such as dermatitis herpetiformis for pruritus of eruptions caused by certain drugs in hyperkalemia, calcium gluconate may aid in antagonizing the cardiac toxicity, provided the patient is not receiving digitalis therapy. 

Allergic states Control of severe or incapacitating allergic conditions intractable to conventional treatment in serum sickness and drug hypersensitivity reactions. Parenteral therapy is indicated for urticarial transfusion reactions and acute noninfectious laryngeal edema (epinephrine is the drug of first choice). 

Replacement therapy Jranster from systemic steroid therapy may unmask allergic conditions previously suppressed. During withdrawal from oral steroids, some patients may experience withdrawal symptoms despite maintenance or improvement of respiratory function. 

Hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine also is indicated for sedation (oral only) analgesia, adjunctive therapy (parenteral only) antiemetic (parenteral only) as adjunctive therapy in allergic conditions with strong emotional overlay, such as asthma, chronic urticaria, and pruritus (parenteral only). 

Management of pruritus caused by allergic conditions such as chronic urticaria, atopic and contact dermatoses and in histamine-mediated pruritus. 

Amelioration of allergic reactions to Blood or plasma, anaphylaxis as an adjunct to epinephrine and other standard measures after the acute symptoms have been controlled, other uncomplicated allergic conditions of the immediate type when oral therapy is impossible or contraindicated IM. IV, SC 5-20 mg/day in 2 divided doses. Maximum 40... 

Chemically, it is a phenothiazine derivative and has equal potency at both Hj-histamine and 5-HT receptors as an antagonist. As H -histamine antagonist it has been used in various allergic conditions. It increases the appetite and promotes weight gain. 

Compounds that competitively block histamine at H4 receptors have been used in the treatment of allergic conditions for many years, and many Hi antagonists are currently marketed in the USA. Many are available without prescription, both alone and in combination formulations such as "cold pills" and sleep aids (see Chapter 63). 

First-generation H -receptor blockers are among the most extensively promoted and used over-the-counter drugs. The prevalence of allergic conditions and the relative safety of the drugs contribute to this heavy use. The fact that they do cause sedation contributes to heavy prescribing of second-generation antihistamines. 

What are the most common plant allergens consisting of pollen What are some of the major allergic conditions caused by these substances ... 

Antihistamines are used to alleviate allergic conditions such as rashes and runny eyes and nose and are decongestants that are used for swelled sinuses and nasal passages during the common cold. These symptoms are caused by histamine and hence the drugs that get rid of them are antihistamines. Antihistamines are also sleep inducers. 

Celiac disease is the result of the development of inflammatory-allergic condition due to gluten intolerance. The disease occurs both in adults and in children in a number of countries all over the world. Its occurrence is fairly frequent, it is estimated that approximately 1% of the population suffers from it. Patients manifest not only gastrointestinal symptoms, but also symptoms which are the consequence of malabsorption syndrome, such as osteoporosis, hypochromic anemia, hypoproteinaemia, hypocalcemia, short stature in children, vitamin deficiency, secondary polysensibilization, and emotional disturbances. Moreover, it has been observed that the occurrence of autoimmunological diseases and neoplasms in patients who are not treated with gluten-free diet doubles (Swinson et al., 1983 Ventura et al., 1999). 

The introduction of a 16a-hydroxy group into 6a,9-difluoro-prednisolone led to a compound (fluocinolone) with the anticipated favorable biological spectrum, namely high anti-inflammatory activity (35-fold that of hydrocortisone, seven-fold that of triamcinolone) and - in contrast to the C-16 unsubstituted compound - no retention of sodium. The corresponding 16,17-acetonide (fluocinolone acetonide) exhibited 100-fold the anti-inflammatory activity of hydrocortisone, with no sodium retention. In clinical trials, 6a,9-difluoro-16a-hydroxyprednisolone was found to be a potent suppressor of inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, as well as allergic conditions such as asthma, whilst its acetonide proved to be highly effective as topical corticoid. 

In general, individuals whose ventilatory function is compromised, such as those with emphysema, or individuals with allergic conditions such as asthma, will be at a higher risk of developing adverse respiratory responses when exposed to a strong respiratory irritant such as acrolein. 

Q4 Antihistamines are effective in managing many of the troublesome symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Histamine is a neurotransmitter and a mediator of type 1 hypersensitivity reactions, such as urticaria and hay fever. There are several types of histamine receptors and these allergic conditions can be treated with Hi receptor antagonists, such as promethazine, chlorphenamine and fexofenadine. First-generation antihistamines, such as promethazine, cause sedation and possess side effects associated with actions on muscarinic receptors. Fexofenadine is a newer drug with a longer duration of action, which does not sedate the patient. 

Allegra an antihistamine drug that is used for allergic conditions, e.g. hayfever. 

---