Asphalt roof applications

Hot asphalt roof applications generate mixtures of solvents and high-boiling organic compounds that can permeate into indoor air, particularly if air intakes are located on roof tops. These vapor mixtures, even when present in very low concentrations, can produce eye and upper respiratory tract irritation in building occupants. 39 ... 

Asphalt Roofing Components. Asphalt (qv) is a unique building material which occurs both naturally and as a by-product of crude-oil refining. Because the chemical composition of crude oils differs from source to source, the physical properties of asphalts derived from various crudes also differ. However, these properties can be tailored by further processing to fit the application for which the asphalt will be used. Softening point, ductility, flash point, and viscosity—temperature relationship are only a few of the asphalt properties that are important in the fabrication of roofing products. 

Petroleum refining establishments produce gasoline, fuel oils, lubricants and other products from crude petroleum. Related industries include production of asphalt and tar mixtures for paving and roofing applications coke, fuel briquette, powdered and packaged fuel production, and scrubbing and distribution of natural gas. 

Lynch RM, Kipen H. Building-related illness and employee lost time following application of hot asphalt roof A call for prevention. Toxicol Ind Health 1998 14(6) 857-68. 

To the extent that the facings are impermeable and are tightly attached, air intrusion is halted. On the other hand, some surfacing materials, such as asphalt and asphalt-impregnated felts which might be placed over the foam in a roofing application, are semi permeable and air can enter into the foam. 

Since the early 1900s most of the asphalts produced from the refining of petroleum have been used primarily in paving and roofing applications. The advent of motorized transportation led to increased asphalt manufacture from petroleum in order to provide binders for hard-surfaced pavements. 

In addition to the paving grades of emulsions, a variety of products are available that are suitable for industrial uses, for paper sizings, and for use in the roofing application field Asphalts emulsified with colloidal days are especially suitable for outdoor applications because of their excellent weathering properties. Some of these products have been adapted for use with roofing systems, either with bmsh or spray application. 

Road oils, asphalts, roofing, and other bituminous materials are heated to aid their application on arrival. 

Despite its natural viscoelastic properties, asphalt cannot be used as such in roofing applications because of its inherent limitations, such as brittleness at low temperature and flow properties at high temperature. Therefore, studies have been done to improve the properties of bitumen. Combining bitumen with natural or synthetic rubbers or lattices, new materials with higher elasticity, low temperature flexibility, higher strength, and better fatigue resistance can be obtained. 

Sichina, W. J., DMA as Problem-Solving Tool Characterization of Asphalt Roofing Shingles, Application Note AN-43, Haake/Seiko, Thermal Analysis... 

The heaviest products obtained directly from oil arc lubricants, waxes, asphalt, and coke. These products have both domestic and industrial uses. Lubricants, for example, are applied in the operation and maintenance of industrial equipment and machinery. Asphalt, because it is not reactive to chemicals in the environment, is a superb material of construction in the building of roads and in roofing. It is also used in the waterproofing of concrete, the manufacture of black paints, and as a material lor tire threads, battery housing, electrical insulation, and other applications. The heaviest of all the petroleum products, coke, is used extensively as a major component of industrial electrodes and as a commercial fuel. 

This test (ASTM D529) evaluates the relative weather resistance of asphalt used for protective-coating applications, especially for roofing. No direct measure of outdoor life or service can be obtained from this test. Methods for preparing test panels (ASTM D1669) and failure-endpoint testing (ASTM D1670) are available. 

Atactic or amorphous forms of PP are also used. Initially, aPP was obtained as a byproduct of the production of iPP. As an inexpensive by-product it is used as a modifier for asphalt for roofing and in adhesives. As the effectiveness of catalyst systems becomes better, less aPP is available so that today some aPP is intentionally made for these applications. 

A relatively new development which promises to gain in importance in the future is the modification of asphalt by butadiene-styrene block polymers.44 The block polymers help reduce the low temperature brittleness and impart resistance to flow at elevated temperatures. Applications in mastics, automobile body undercoatings and waterproofing materials such as high quality roofing membranes are envisaged. 

Because they become brittle at low temperatures, another opportunity exists for substantial improvements of both paving and roofing asphalts. Severe winters cause unusual damage to pavements and precautions must be taken in the application of prepared roofings in such weather. A practical solution to this problem would be of considerable value to the industry. 

Typical application of a BUR would be to mop or apply asphalt to a substrate to approximately 1.1 kg/m2 (23 lbs/100 ft2), or the thickness of a dime. A ply sheet would then be unrolled into the hot asphalt. Additional ply are then mopped in, with each layer offset so that the roof has three or four plies of felt over the entire roof. The amount of offset is calculated by the formula, offset = 34 in. (86.4 cm)/number of plies. Manufacturers of plies print laying lines on the felts at the correct locations to assist in laying up the roof with the correct offset. 

SBS membrane systems are generally installed in hot asphalt but can be installed using a torch like APP products or in some cold application cement systems. Like APP systems, they are generally installed in multiple layers. The undedayment layers are generally standard BUR felts or basesheets. SBS membrane sheets can also be formulated to be self-adhering. These products are no longer used in membrane applications but are used as ice and water dam materials on the eaves under shingle roofs in cold climates. 

Crude oils are classified chemically according to the structures of tire larger molecules in the mixture. Classification methods use combinations of the words paraffinic, naphthenic, aromatic, and asphaltic. For instance, crude oil which contains a predominance of paraffinic molecules will yield very fine lubricating oils from the gas-oil fraction and paraffin wax from the residuum. Oh the other hand, if the larger molecules are aromatic and asphaltic, the heavier fractions of the crude oil are useful for pitch, roofing compounds, paving asphalts, and other such applications. 

It has been proved that pyranyl foams can be used for pour-in-place applications in household refrigerators and deep freezers. Furthermore, because of their high thermal stability the foams can withstand inunersion in molten asphalt at 205°C (400°Q. This jn-operty makes possible applications to roof insulation with molten asphalt as a water-I otecting layer. Another possible application is the baking of the enamel finish on freezer cabinets after the foam insulation has been applied. The foaming reaction is very fast, and, therefore, spraying of the foams onto out-door tanks and pipes is possible. 

Stormwater Discharge Associated with Industrial Activities (Notice e.g., asphalt paving and roofing, oil and gas exaction, hazardous waste TSDFs, landfills/application sites)... 

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