Application Year

Time After Application (years) Kansas Florida ... 

In other words, some uncertainty in the data should not be used as an excuse for inaction. This approach is being given more consideration in Europe than in the United States. The approach gains credibility when one considers how its application years ago would have prevented the tragic effects of lead in gasoline and paint. 

Tumor marker cancer site application year Positives... 

Compound name Trade name Company Antibody format Antigen Approved application Year of first approval Isotype Immuno- genicity ... 

Application hours/year/farm = 15 loads/farm X 100 minutes/load/application X 4 applications/year X 1/60 hours/minutes = 100 hours/year. 

Orally and intravenous diacetylmorphine for patients with severe opioid addiction was associated with high long-term retention rates (over 70% at 48 months and over 50% at 8 years) in patients engaged in the Swiss heroin-assisted treatment program [23 "]. The study compared diacetylmorphine tablets (n=128) with diacetylmorphine tablets combined with diacetylmorphine intravenously or other opioids (n = 237) over 62 months. Both regimens were associated with high retention rates. Adverse events were rare, at 0.01 events per application year. 

Mathias CGT (1988) Occupational dermatoses. In Zens C (ed) Occupational medicine. Principles and applications. Year Book, Chicago, pp 132-161... 

Fig. 9.4 High-temperature titanium-tsase alloys for aircraft-engine applications. Year of introduction and operating-temperature capability under optimum stress conditions. The suffix S indicates that a small amount of silicon (usually 0.25 wt%) has been added to the basic formulation [Ble85].

IRP requires the licensee to preserve the records their apportioned registration application is based upon for the current application year, plus the three preceding mileage years. 

The flroduction of No. 1 fuel oil is thus quite marginal whereas the BTS and TBTS products will be undergoing important development in the coming years. In applications as diesel fuel, ordinary No. 2 fuel, and No. 2 BTS fuel are the most commonly used. 

However, in recent years the trend has been turning towards developing much smaller fields, making use of the existing field infrastructure. This, in combination with advances in subsea completion technology and the introduction of new production equipment has further stimulated the application of subsea technology. 

Typically, the contractor carries the cost of exploration, appraisal and development, later claiming these costs form a tranche of the produced oil or gas ( cost oil ). If the cost oil allowance is insufficient to cover the annual costs (capex and opex), excess costs are usually deferred to the following year. After the deduction of royalty (if applicable) the remaining volume of production (called profit oil ) is then split between the contractor and the host government. The contractor will usually pay tax on the contractor s share of the profit oil. In diagrammatic form the split of production for a typical PSC is shown in Figure 13.11. 

In the intervening years mueh excellent analytical work has been done by Libby, Lord, Dodd, Deeds, Palanisamy and many others which has given us a practical method of understanding eddy current behavior in many applications including nuclear inspection and aerospace where problems of safety and reliability have become so important to us all. 

The application of eddy currents in non destructive testing was very developed during the recent years. Adding to the defects characterization, actual studies deal with the metallurgical evaluation of materials. Surface processing allow to increase the material endurance and consequently its life duration. 

For some years now, standards for radioscopic applications have been in the drafting stage. This paper will discuss the present state of the preparations that the ad hoc working group "Radioscopy" of IIW, CEN and ISO is involved in. 

Practical experience has shown that, depending on the field of application, a considerable reduction in inspection costs can be had when opting for radioscopy rather than radiography. By comparison with film technique, the inspection time of turbine blades for aircraft jet propulsion engines is reduced by 45% to 60%. When adding film costs, approximately DM 450.000,- can be saved per year /3/. As far as... 

Part 3 of the Radioscopic Standard is to define the minimum requirements that are placed on a radioscopic system to cover diverse applications. For the past few years, this part has been heavily disputed, the reason being an extreme flexibility in the application of radioscopic inspection systems. A definition of general rules for applications has thus been difficult to achieve. 

Computed radiography with Luminescence Imaging Plates (IP) has become a routine method in medical applications. It is a new medium for filmless radiography. Since the last five years several tests were performed to check this method for industrial NDT [1-3]. ASTM already issued a proposal for a standard. 

Sealed metal-ceramic X-ray tubes are in use since the sixties. Whereas glass tubes still are the most common known form of X-ray tubes in the public, and are certainly the most used technology firom point of view of sold tubes per year, metal-ceramic X-ray tubes in lots of applications are state-of-the-art. 

There is a trend in the last years to extend the application range of metal-ceramic tubes also to medium power portable equipment 160kV to 300kV portable systems are well known in the market. 

The verifications can be performed by the user himself, with electronic measurement equipment described in this project. The consequences of the application of future European standard are very important since is established a mandatory verification of each particular flaw detector, at least once a year. Their verification is to be performed according to a well defined procedure of measurement, including acceptance criteria for each parameter. 

In oil and gas industry of C.l.S. a lot of pipelines are in operation, including 206 thousand km of main gas pipelines, 65 thousand km of main oil pipelines, 6 thousand km of product pipelines and more than 300 thousand km of field pipelines of different applications. Two thirds of pipelines are more than 15 years old. 

The user inspectorate must fulfil the same technical criteria as the notified body. In addition, it must be organisationally identifiable and demonstrate its impartiality. It must not engage in any activities that might conflict with its independence of judgement and integrity. Given that the authorisation of user inspectorates to carry out conformity assessment is an innovation for technical harmonisation at Union level, the Commission shall monitor the application of this measure and evaluate its effects three years after the coming into force of the directive. 

After many decades of application, industry has completely accepted standard NDT as an inevitable but invaluable part of production and maintenance of components. Its application has been well-regulated, acceptance criteria for weld defects exist, good schemes for personnel qualification are in place and equipment has evolved to a standard of nearperfection. NDT has become a commodity. Pioneering years are over. 

The Institute has many-year experience of investigations and developments in the field of NDT. These are, mainly, developments which allowed creation of a series of eddy current flaw detectors for various applications. The Institute has traditionally studied the physico-mechanical properties of materials, their stressed-strained state, fracture mechanics and developed on this basis the procedures and instruments which measure the properties and predict the behaviour of materials. Quite important are also developments of technologies and equipment for control of thickness and adhesion of thin protective coatings on various bases, corrosion control of underground pipelines by indirect method, acoustic emission control of hydrogen and corrosion cracking in structural materials, etc. 

Critical to the successtlil completion of this process are the software tools required to store and analyse the inspection and related data. This is a major task and to achieve this OIS has produced, in conjunction with a major specialist technical software provider, the Asset Condition Evaluation Tool (Acet). Acet is a comprehensive suite of programs which draws on the extensive experience of engineers working in this field for many years, to provide a readily usable and highly auditable package for this application. 

The principle of optical triangulation has been known since the time of the early Greeks, and indeed optical triangulation has been used for hundreds of years in applications such as surveying, camera auto-focus and even smart-bombs. With the advent of low-cost, compact electro-optic components such as lateral-effect photodetectors, diode lasers and micro-optics, laser-based triangulation sensors can now be employed for applications that were, heretofore, considered uninspectable. 

Although Gibbs published his monumental treatise on heterogeneous equilibrium in 187S, his work was not generally appreciated until the turn of the century, and it was not until many years later that the field of surface chemistry developed to the point that experimental applications of the Gibbs equation became important. 

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