Equilibrium of heterogeneous

The mathematical basis of classic thermodynamics was developed by J. Willard Gibbs in his essay [1], On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances, which builds on the earlier work of Kelvin, Clausius, and Helmholtz, among others. In particular, he derived the phase mle, which describes the conditions of equilibrium for multiphase, multicomponent systems, which are so important to the geologist and to the materials scientist. In this chapter, we will present a derivation of the phase rule and apply the result to several examples. 

Gibbs J. W. (1906). On the equilibrium of heterogeneous substances. In The Scientific Papers of J. Willard Gibbs. Vol. 1 Thermodynamics. Longmans Green (reprinted by Dover, 1961). 

J. W. Gibbs Publishes On the equilibrium of heterogeneous substances ,which contains Gibbs phase law 1876... 

J. Willard Gibbs, whose great monograph on The Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances has proved a rich and still unexhausted mine of thermodynamic material. 

A defining characteristic of a solid is the ability to resist shear. Therefore, stress is an additional feature which has to be taken into account when the physical chemistry of solids is at issue. Gibbs treated the thermodynamics of stressed solids a century ago in his classic work Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances under the title The Conditions of Internal and External Equilibrium for Solids in Contact with Fluids with Regard to all Possible States of Strain of the Solid . We have already mentioned in the introduction that stress is an unavoidable result of chemical processes in solids. Let us therefore briefly discuss the basic concepts of the thermodynamics of stressed solids. 

Gibbs, J.W. "On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances." 1878. The Collected Works, Yale University Press, vol. 1,... 

J. W. Gibbs, On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances. Collected Works. Longmans, New York, 1928, pp. 55-353. 

Gibbs J. On the equilibrium of heterogenous substances. Trans. Connect. Acad. Sci. 1878 16 343-524. 

Nevertheless, whatever be the outcome of this revolution, it seems to me there is injustice in making the glory of Gibbs consist in this alone, by seeing in him merely the author of the phase rule. In his immortal work. On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances, this rule is not all it is but one theorem, and is accompanied by other propositions whose importance is not less the theorems on... 

J. Willard Gibbs, in his celebrated memoir On the equilibrium of heterogeneous substances, stated the conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium in a form which has not been surpassed either in its elegant simplicity or in its generality. There is no problem concerning thermodynamic equilibrium which cannot, in principle at least, be dealt with by Gibbs methods. 

Gibbs is counted as the founder of the field with his papers entitled On the equilibrium of heterogeneous substances , Trans. Conn. Acad., vol. Ill, pp. 108-248, 1876 pp. 343-524, 1878. 

Gibbs, J.W., 1875, On the equilibrium of heterogeneous substances. Reprinted in The Scientific Papers of J.Willard Gibbs Vol.l Thermodynamics, pp. 55-349, Dover Publications Inc., New York, 1961. 

Equilibrium of heterogeneous processes means that on the interface between media gradients of chemical potentials of individual components are absent, and their sorption and desorption rates are equal. Such equilibrium between media is called heterogeneous equilibrium, and the following equality serves as its criterion at constant temperature and pressure ... 

Gibbs, Josiah Willard (1839-1903) was bom in New Haven, Connecticut. He was educated at Yale University and was awarded his doctorate in 1863—the first doctorate of engineering to be conferred in the United States. He was appointed professor of mathematical physics in 1871 prior to having any publications. He published the first part of his very famous work On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances in 1876 and the second part in 1878. He published many other important papers in thermodynamics as well as other areas of physical science. 

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