Apparel fabrics

Electrically Conducting Fibers. FlectricaHy conducting fibers are useful in blends with fibers of other types to achieve antistatic properties in apparel fabrics and carpets. The process developed by Nippon Sanmo Dyeing Co., for example, is reportedly used by Asahi in Casbmilon 2.2 dtex (2 den) staple fibers. Courtaulds claims a flame-resistant electrically conductive fiber produced by reaction with guanadine and treatment with copper sulfide (97). 

The properties of textile fibers can be divided into three categories geometric, physical, and chemical, which can be measured with available methods (15—17). Perceived values such as tactile aesthetics, style appearance of apparel fabrics, comfort of hosiery, as weU as color, luster, and plushness of carpets are difficult to quantify and are not always associated with the properties of the fiber, but rather with the method of fabric constmction and finishing. 

Because of its high strength and toughness, spun nylon yams tend to form unsightiy pihs, ie, balls of fiber on the fabric surface containing some short lengths of fiber, in flat woven and apparel fabrics. This is also why bulked continuous-filament yam (BCE) is preferred over spun yams for loop pile carpets. 

Other Fiber Deformations. Deformations such as bending, torsion, shear, and compression are of practical importance in textile apphcations. Bending and twisting of yams, both influential in the development of bulk and stretch in filament yams, are also important in the production of staple yams. Bending characteristics are important in cmsh resistance in carpets. Bending and shear are factors that influence the hand and drape of apparel fabrics, whereas compression influences the recovery of fabrics after such processes as winding. 

Polyester Fiber Blends. Disperse dyeable and cationic dyeable polyester fibers are frequentiy combiaed ia apparel fabrics for styling purposes. Whereas the disperse dyes dye both fibers, but ia differeat depths, selected cationic dyes reserve the disperse dyeable fiber completely, resulting ia color/white effects. 

Polyester Fiber—Nylon Blends. This fiber blead is used ia apparel fabrics as weU as ia carpets. Disperse dyes dye both fibers, however they... 

Laughlin J, Gold RE. 1989a. Evaporative dissipation of methyl parathion from laundered protective apparel fabrics. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 42 566-573. 

Leonas KK, Easter EP, Dejonge JO. 1989. Effect of fabric characteristics on pesticide penetration through selected apparel fabrics. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 43 231-238. 

Suit Smart (CD). Kappler Protective Apparel Fabrics. Guntersville, AL 1997. 

Polyester Fiber-Nylon Blends. This fiber blend is used in apparel fabrics as well as in earpels. Disperse dyes dye both fibers, however they possess only marginal fastness properties on nylon. Therefore it is important to select those disperse dyes that dye nylon least under the given circumstances. The nylon is dyed with acid dyes, selected according to the fastness requirements. 

Wearing apparel is regulated by CPSC and is covered since the promulgation of the Flammable Fabrics Act (FFA) in 1953, by a 45° angle flammability test for apparel fabrics (CS 191-53), which became effective in 1954, and is still valid, as 16 CFR 1610.12 The FFA later started covering other products. 

ASTM D 3659 Standard Test Method for Flammability of Apparel Fabrics by Semirestraint Method... 

Nazare S., Kandola, B.K., and Horrocks, A.R. 2002. Use of cone calorimetry to quantify the burning hazard of apparel fabrics, Fire Mater., 26 191-199. 

Most manufactured fibers are available as staple, tow, and filament. Natural fibers are available only in the characteristic forms in which they occur, with filament silk and cotton staple as examples. All manufactured fibers are formed initially as filament yarns. The German adjective endlos (literally translated endless ) is very descriptive, as filament yams are continuous strands consisting of one or more members that for most practical purposes are infinite in length. Fine filament yarns (40-100 denier) are used in producing lightweight apparel fabrics,... 

Apparel fabrics solar UV protective properties, method of test... 

Soil release extender. Nonionic stabilizer and unique extender for fluorochemical soil release agents. Used on upholstery, darpery, and apparel fabrics. Reduces fluorochemical consumption by 50%. 

Use of INTEX CARRIER 37 is also suggested as a reserve carrier for apparel fabrics, to be used in the same manner as INTEX CARRIER 60 where biphenyl is found objectionable. 

Shrinkage control, fabric smoothness, and crease retention durable to many home or commercial launderings are very desirable properties for postcure apparel fabrics. PERMAFRESH 113-B provides these properties while also providing shade change protection and whiteness retention. PERMAFRESH 113-B is also suitable for most precure applications where shade change of sensitive dyestuffs is a major problem. 

Use Molding, adhesives, laminating, textile finishes, permanent-press fabrics, wash-and-wear apparel fabrics, protective coatings, paper manufacture, leather treatment, binders for fabrics, foundry sands, graphite resistors, plaster-of-paris fortification, foam structures, and ion-exchange resins. 

Use Apparel fabrics (linens), thread, rope, twine, cigarette paper, duplicating papers. 

Flax is considered to be the oldest fibre in the Western world and CIS (formerly USSR) grows most of the flax fibre. Linen has been gradually loosing its position as an apparel fabric since 1950s, but the emergence of linen as a component of blends has stimulated considerable interest. 

Meanwhile, measurements of water vapour permeability of woven fabrics have indicated that in the lower ranges of fabric density, the main path of water vapour transfer is through the air spaces between fibers and yarns. This covers the densities characteristic of most apparel fabrics made from staple fibers, although filament yarn fabrics may be woven to higher densities in which the kind of fiber itself in the passage of water vapour, it is necessary to account for the water vapour passage through air spaces. 

WG 18 — Low stress, mechanical and physical properties of woven apparel fabrics... 

ASTM D2724 87. 1995. Test methods for bonded, fused and laminated apparel fabrics. 

Fan, J., 2009. Physiological comfort of fabrics and garments. In Fan, J., Hunter, L. (Eds.), In Engineering Apparel Fabrics and Garments, vol. 96. Woodhead Publishing Limited in association with The Textile Institute, Cambridge, pp. 201-250. 

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