Slip properties

AMMONIUM HALIDE, 293 ANISOTROPY, 38 57 153 174 406 ANNULAR DIE, 311 ANTIOXIDANT, 385 ANTI-SLIP PROPERTIES, 208 ANTISTATIC PROPERTIES, 91 302 426 427 444 447 450 APPEARANCE, 124 186 241 293 AQUEOUS DISPERSION, 103 ARGON, 185 233 235 321 339 433 ARRHENIUS FACTOR, 243 ARTIFICIAL HIP, 52 ARTIFICIAL KNEE, 52 ARTIFICIAL SEAWEED, 455 ASPECT RATIO, 314 419 ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY, 149... 

Polanyi and Mark discovered the slip properties of single-crystal tin, while Schmid worked out a law for the shear stress component along the slip direction in a slip plane. [44]... 

Non-yellowing lubricant for all spinning systems. Provides excellent stick-slip properties to treated fibers. 

At high shaft speeds and negligible Ap values labyrinth seals can be utilized, whose narrow openings build up a high dynamic pressure [109]. Lip seals are practicable at Ap values < 1 bar, particularly for laboratory devices. They are made of rubber or silicone plastics and often have to be cooled. Generally slip properties have to be maintained with a liquid (usually silicone oil). 

Non-inhibited refined mineral oil Rust and oxidation inhibited refined mineral oil HL type with improved anti-wear properties HL type with improved viscosity index HM type with improved viscosity index HM type with antistick-slip properties Triglycerides (vegetable oUs)... 

Positively driven rollers lor products with extreme slipping properties. 

In plastics, wear depends on adhesion and deformation of soft material. Frictional forces are proportional to velocity rather than load as in the case of metals. A number of additives can improve wear and slip properties. PTFE has lower friction coefficient than any other material. Additionally, its particles form a film on shearing surfaces thus decreasing friction. Its addition is very effective in high-pressure applications. Optimum additions are 20% in crystalline polymers and 15% in amorphous ones. Molybdenum disulfide is primarily used in PA compounds. It works as a nucleating agent, promoting increased crystallinity in PA, thus providing harder, more wear... 

Combinations of a slip and an antiblocking agent can improve performance through more rapid development of slip properties and a more efficient use of the antiblock in both cases this is the result of Improved dispersion of the additives. These agents are commonly added to a resin in the form of a multicomponent master batch which also includes other additives. Amounts of the antiblock in the master batch commonly range from 5 to 50%. 

DIN 51097 92. Testing of floor coverings Determination of anti-slip properties Wet-loaded barefoot areas walking method - Ramp test. 

Of the various surface active chemistries currently available, this paper will mainly concentrate on a class of materials called Silicone Polyethers. This family of copolymers is used to provide multifunctional benefits in water borne systems. The main uses of silicone polyethers in inks and coatings include de-foaming, de-aerating, improved substrate wetting, levelling and enhanced slip properties (1,2). The three most common molecular structures for silicone surfactants are rake type copolymers, ABA copolymers and trisiloxane surfactants. These are illustrated in Figs 1,2 and 3 respectively and the performance of these structures will be described in two types of coatings ... 

Phelps GW, McLaren MG (1978) Particle Size Distribution and Slip Properties. In Onoda GY, Hench LL (eds) Ceramic Processing before Firing. John Wiley Sons, New York... 

Table 3.11 contains a condensed summary of types and properties of slip agents used in PVC. For a comprehensive review of slip properties, mechanisms of action, and use of slip agents, see the specialized monographic source." ... 

Frequently, proper use of thermal stabilizers is sufficient to improve slip properties to a required level. 

The coatings are usually applied to sheet metal or plastic parts. The sheet metal manufacturer has different objectives than the paint manufacturer in his production process. In the first production step, stamping, a high surface roughness is required in order to adhere a sufficient amount of grease to achieve optimum slip properties. In case of the SMC... 

Features Provides better substrate wetting, inaeases surface slip Properties Lt. yel. liq. aromatic sp.gr. 0.93 dens. 7.71 Ib/gal vapor pressure 6 mm Hg flash pt. (Seta) 25 C ret. index 1.498 12.5% NV Toxicology TSCA listed... 

Examples of inert or extender fillers include china clay (kaolin), talc, and calcium carbonate. Calcinm carbonate is an important filler, with a particle size of about 1 pm. It is a natural product from sedimentary rocks and is separated into chalk, limestone, and marble. In some cases, the calcium carbonate may be treated to improve interaction with the thermoplastic. Glass spheres are also used as thermoplastic fillers. They may be either solid or hollow, depending on the particular application. Talc is a filler with a lamellar particle shape. It is a namral, hydrated magnesium silicate with good slip properties. Kaolin and mica are also natural materials with lamellar structures. Other fillers include woUastonite, silica, barium sulfate, and metal powders. Carbon black is used as a filler primarily in the rnbber industry, but it also finds application in thermoplastics for conductivity, for UV protection, and as a pigment. Fillers in fiber form are often used in thermoplastics. Types of fibers inclnde cotton, wood flour, fiberglass, and carbon. Table 1.3 shows the fillers and their forms. An overview of some typical fillers and their effect on properties is shown in Table 1.4. Considerable research interest exists for the incorporation of nanoscale fillers into polymers. This aspect will be discussed in later chapters. 

Adding to this complexity is the fact that many varied chemical materials can, and frequently do, compete in the same function. Also, the same material type may perform more than one function in a host plastic. An example would include the many surfactant type materials based on fatty acid chemistry which could impart lubricant, antistatic, mold release, and/or slip properties to a plastic matrix, depending upon the materials involved, loading level, processing conditions, and application. 

Also important are the selection, application, and maintenance of surface treatments and finishes. Many manufacturers and suppliers have test data on floor finish products. Independent testing and evaluation of samples may be worthwhile before the final selection. To reduce slipperiness, consider adding abrasive strips in strategic places, such as on stair nosing or wet areas. Fine sUica sand mixed into flooring paints can reduce slipperiness. Apply and maintain waxes and other finish materials properly, since maintenance procedures can affect their slip properties. For example, excessive buildup of finish material or excessive buffing can alter slip properties from those obtained in test conditions. Locations where slip hazards are high may need different materials and finishes than other locations. 

Calcium carbonate is an important filler with a particle size of about 1 p,m. It is a natural product from sedimentary rocks and is separated into chalk, limestone, and marble. In some cases the calcium carbonate may be treated to improve the bonding with the thermoplastic. Glass spheres are also used as thermoplastic fillers. They may be either solid or hollow, depending on the particular application. Talc is an important filler with a lamellar particle shape. It is a natural hydrated magnesium silicate with good slip properties. Kaolin and mica are also natural materials with lamellar stracture. Carbon black is used as a filler primarily in the rubber industry. 

The fatty amides used in PE production include erucamide (EA) cis-13-docosenoic acid, amide), behenamide (docosenoic acid, amide), oleamide (OA) and stearamide (SA) [43]. Unsaturated amides, such as EA and OA, provide superior slip properties, whereas saturated amides, such as behenamide and SA, provide acceptable slip and superior antiblocking properties. EA displaced OA as the preferred slip agent for the production of PO film because it melts at a higher temperature and is more stable at extrusion temperatures EA can be used as a slip and antiblock agent [45]. SA also provides useful slip properties, although it is slower acting it has superior antiblock properties to those of EA and OA. 

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