Polyoxyethylated castor oil

Polyoxyethylated castor oil containing 42 moles of ethylene oxide may be used under the Federal Food, E)mg, and Cosmetic Act as an emulsifier in nitrocellulose coatings for paper and paperboard intended for use in contact with fatty foods at a maximum level of 8 wt % of the coating soHd (130). 

Hypersensitivity to polyoxyethylated castor oil (injection only see Warnings and Administration and Dosage), cyclosporine, or any component of the products Gengraf and Neoral in psoriasis or RA patients with abnormal renal function, uncontrolled hypertension, or malignancies Gengraf and A/eora/concomitantly with PUVA or DVB, methotrexate or other immunosuppressive agents, coal tar or radiation therapy in psoriasis patients. 

Contraindications History of hypersensitivity to cyclosporine or polyoxyethylated castor oil... 

One of the major problems with water-insoluble compounds such as taxol which must be administered intravenously is obtaining a stable, homogeneous, nontoxic solution of the product. Currently, taxol is dissolved in ethanol, and Cremophor, a polyoxyethylated castor oil, is added (i). This is somewhat less than ideal as the adjuvant is toxic and can provoke serious allergies 154). As an alternative, use of a triacetin-based emulsion has been suggested (755). 

Formulation studies are performed to develop a suitable vehicle to solubilize the drug for administration to patients, generally by intravenous injection or infusion in the case of cancer. The low solubility of many natural products in water poses considerable problems, but these can be overcome by use of co-solvents or emulsifying agents (surfactants) such as Cremophore EL (polyoxyethylated castor oil). 

Cremophor EL-polyoxyethylated castor oil (solvent) Analphylactic reactions, nausea, vomiting, colic, hyperlipidaemias [7,14,70]... 

Anaphylactoid reactions can occur with intravenous ciclosporin, sometimes after the first dose. Reported symptoms included pruritic rash, respiratory symptoms, chest pain, and, rarely, cardiopulmonary arrest. The presence of Cremophor EL, polyoxyethylated castor oil used as a solvent, is likely to account for this life-threatening reaction. The mechanism is still unclear, and results of skin tests were available in only three of 22 previously published patients. 

Cremophor EL is a polyoxyethylated castor oil containing approximately 40 oxyethylene groups to each triglyceride unit. It is used as a solubilising agent in the preparation of intravenous anaesthetics and other products. 

There have been many reports of reactions to Althesin, a mixture of two steroids, alphaxalone und alphadolone, dissolved in sodium chloride solution containing 20% polyoxyethylated castor oil (Cremophor EL). Apart from their anaesthetic effects, these steroids are weak oestrogen antagonists, but possess no other steroid properties. This preparation is a rapid and short-acting anaesthetic induction agent, it produces less cardiovascular and respiratory depression than barbiturates, and has no hang-over effect. 

This was the first substance to be suspected of playing a role in Althesin reactions, because of some of its already known properties, and because nobody would believe that steroids could be allergenic. Cremophor EL is a macromolecular liquid consisting of polyoxyethylated castor oil. It is a water-miscible agent, and acts as a micellophore. Thus, it is widely used as a vehicle for lipid-soluble drugs, such as propanidid. It can similarly be used with diazepam. 

Polyoxyethylated castor oil CremophorR EL 2-14 Liquid D under heating... 

Injection volume was 50 fi and concentration of injection vehicle was 30 mg ml for bleomycin and l(X)mgml for bleomycin-dextran sulphate complex. Results are expressed as the mean of two animal groups (10 rats). The water-in-oil emulsion comprised 77.8% sesame oil, 1.5% polyoxyethylated castor oil (E = 60) and 5.7% sorbitan sesqui-oleate. From Muranishi et al. [258] with permission. 

---