Anticarcinogenicity

Not only is TCDO a potent therapeutic agent in acute radiation syndrome, but treatment using TCDO from days 4—11 after TBI increases the survival rate in rats for up to one year, protects against the development of late GI ulcers, and also reduces the development of y-ray-induced leukemias and malignant epitheHal tumors, but not sarcomas (202). The anticarcinogenic effect of TCDO maybe related to the inhibition of PGs, which promote carcinogenesis, or to immunostimulation, which may result in a more effective elimination of malignant cells. 

Heteropolyacids (HPA) are the unique class of inorganic complexes. They are widely used in different areas of science in biochemistry for the precipitation of albumens and alkaloids, in medicine as anticarcinogenic agents, in industry as catalysts. HPA are well known analytical reagents for determination of phosphoms, silica and arsenic, nitrogen-containing organic compounds, oxidants and reductants in solution etc. 

Linearly annelated esters, acids, and hydroxamic acids 132 showed antibacterial and anticarcinogenic activities (doses 0.2-2.0 g/day) [80JAP(K)2, 81JAP(K)1], whereas angularly annelated 133 has demonstrated MIC against Staphyloccocus aureus, Streptococcus biogenes, and Sarcina lutea (79JAP(K)I). 

There is considerable evidence to suggest that selenium compounds are anticarcinogens. For one thing, tests with laboratory animals show that the incidence and size of malignant tumors are reduced when a solution containing Na2Se03 is injected at the part per million level. Beyond that evidence, statistical studies show an inverse correlation between selenium levels in the soil and the incidence of certain types of cancer. 

Biocatalytic access to both antipodal sulfoxides was exploited in total syntheses of bioactive compounds, which is outlined in some representative examples. Biooxidation of functionalized dialkyl sulfides was utilized in the direct synthesis of both enantiomers of sulforaphane and some analogs in low to good yields and stereoselectivities (Scheme 9.27) [206]. This natural product originates from broccoli and represents a potent inducer of detoxification enzymes in mammalian metabolism it might be related to anticarcinogenic properties of plants from the cruciform family. All four possible stereoisomers of methionine (R = Me) and ethionine sulfoxides... 

From bark, valuable chemicals, such as betulinol, can be obtained [5]. Betulinol is used as a health-promoting agent. Recently Holmbom et al. [27, 28] discovered that hydroxymatairesinol (HMR) is concentrated in the stems and knots of Norway spruce Picea abies). It can be extracted and transformed catalytically to matairesinol (MAT), which is an antioxidant and anticarcinogenic agent [29-31]. 

VERHOEVEN D T, VEREHAGEN H, GOLDBOHM R A, VAN DEN BRANDT P A and VAN POPPELL GA(1997) Review of mechanisms underlying anticarcinogenicity by brassica vegetables , Chem Biol Interact, 103, 79-129. 

JOHNSON, I T (2001) Mechanisms and possible anticarcinogenic effects of diet related apoptosis in colorectal mucosa . Nutrition Research Reviews, 14 229-56. 

JOHNSON I, WILLIAMSON G and MUSK s (1994) Anticarcinogenic factors in plant foods a new class of nutrients , Nutrition Research Reviews, 7 175-204. 

CHEN Y R, WANG w, KONG A N and TAN T H (1998) Molecular mechanisms of c-Jim N-terminal kinase-mediated apoptosis induced by anticarcinogenic isothiocyanates , J Biol Chem, 273 1769-75. 

FUJIKI H, YOSHIZAWA S, HORIUCHI T, SUGANUMA M, YATSUNAMI J, NISHIWAKI S, OKABE S, NISHIWAKI-MATSUSHIMA R, OKUDA T and suGiMURA T (1992) Anticarcinogenic effects of (-)-epigallo-catechin gallate , Prev Med, 21, 503-9. 

HAN c and CHEN J (1995) The screening of active anticarcinogenic ingredients in tea , in Proc of Intern Symp on Tea-Quality-Human Health 7-10 November, 1995, Shanghai, China, 39 1. 

HERTOG M G L, HOLLMAN p c H, KATAN M B and KROMHOUT D (1993a) Intake of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids and their determinants in adults in The Netherlands , Nutr Cancer, 20, 21-9. 

HERTOG M G L, HOLLMAN p c H and VAN DE PUTTE B (1993h) Content of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids of tea infusions, wines, and fruit juices , J Agric Food... 

Dashwood, R.H. et al., Chemopreventive properties of chlorophylls towards aflatoxin Bp A review of the antimutagenicity and anticarcinogenicity data in rainbow trout, Mutat. Res., 399, 245, 1998. 

Lafferty, J., Truscott, T.C., and Land, E.J., Electron transfer reactions involving chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids, J. Chem. Soc. Farad. Trans., lA, 2760, 1978. Burri, B.J., Clifford, A.J., and Dixon, Z.R., Beta-carotene depletion and oxidative damage in women, in Natural Antioxidants and Anticarcinogens in Nutrition, Health and Disease, Kumulainen, J.T. and Salonen, J.T., Eds., Royal Society of Chemistry, Stockholm, 1999, 231. 

Ames, B.N. (1983). Dietary carcinogens and anticarcinogens oxygen radicals and degenerative diseases. Science 221, 1256-1264. 

There are several alternative pathways associated with the balance between proliferation and apoptosis that are affected by lycopene treatment, especially the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway. Another is the possibility that lycopene or one of its breakdown products has retinoid activity. Kotake-Nara et al. compared acyclo-retinoic acid, an in vitro oxidation product of lycopene, to four actively researched anticarcinogenic retinoids. Acycloretinoic acid was found to more actively reduce PC-3 and DU-145 cell viabilities (but not LNCaP) through apoptosis in a medium already containing small amounts of natural retinoids. But study concentrations were 20 pM, far above physiologically relevant lycopene concentrations, let alone the smaller concentration of one of its breakdown products. Acycloretinoic acid had a very low affinity for the retinoid X receptors (RXR) and retinoic acid receptors (RAR) receptors (Kotake-Nara et al. 2002). 

Johnson I T (2002), Anticarcinogenic effects of diet-related apoptosis in the colorectal mucosa , Food Chem Toxicol, 40, 1171-1178. 

Hertog MGL, Hollman PCH and Katan MB. 1992. Content of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids of 28 vegetables and 9 fruits commonly consumed in the Netherlands. J Agric Food Chem 40 2379-2383. 

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