Aluminum chloride trichloride

Phosgene can be employed in a variety of metal-recovery operations, eg, in the recovery of platinum, uranium, plutonium, and niobium (69—73). Phosgene has been proposed for the manufacture of aluminum chloride, beryllium chloride, and boron trichloride (74—76). Phosgene has been patented as a stabilizer, either by itself or in combination with thionyl chloride, for Hquid SO2 (77). 

Boron trichloride, a colorless, reactive gas of BC13 molecules, behaves chemically like BF3. However, the trichloride of aluminum, which is in the same group as boron, forms dimers, linked pairs of molecules. Aluminum chloride is a volatile white solid that vaporizes at 180°C to a gas of Al2Cl6 molecules. These molecules survive in the gas up to about 200°C and only then fall apart into A1C13 molecules. The Al,CI6 molecule exists because a Cl atom in one AlCI, molecule uses one of its lone pairs to form a coordinate covalent bond to the Al atom in a neighboring AICI molecule (33). This arrangement can occur in aluminum chloride hut not boron trichloride because the atomic radius of Al is bigger than that of B. 

In a 2-1. round-bottomed three-necked flask, fitted with an efficient reflux condenser, mechanical stirrer, and dropping funnel (Note 1), are placed 133.3 g. (1 mole) of anhydrous powdered aluminum chloride, 137.4 g. (1 mole) of phosphorus trichloride, and 184.6 g. (1.2 moles) of carbon tetrachloride (Note 2). The reactants are stirred slowly until they are thoroughly mixed, and then heat is applied carefully until the reaction begins. At this point the liquid boils vigorously, and the reaction mixture becomes thicker so that faster stirring is necessary. Finally, the stirrer is stopped when the... 

Direct C-glucosylation can also be effected by boiling methyl a-D-glucopyranoside in benzene in the presence of aluminum chloride and boron trichloride. In this way, 2,3,4,6-tetra-0-acetyl-/3-D-glucopyranosylbenzene was prepared in 32% yield.143 C-Glycosyla-... 

Aluminum chloride-mediated reaction of phosphorus trichloride with an aromatic hydrocarbon... 

To a flame-dried, three-neck, 1-1 flask were added, in order, p-xylene (107 g, 1.0 mol), phosphorus trichloride (412 g, 3.0 mol), and anhydrous aluminum chloride (160 g, 1.2 mol). The reaction mixture was slowly heated to reflux with stirring. After 2.5 h at reflux, the reaction was allowed to cool to room temperature and the volatile components distilled at reduced pressure. The residual oil was slowly added to cold water (1 1) with stirring, and a white solid formed. The solid was removed by filtration, washed with water, and air dried. The solid was suspended in water (1 1) to which was added 50% sodium hydroxide solution (90 ml) to cause dissolution. The solution was saturated with carbon dioxide and filtered through Celite . The basic solution was washed with methylene chloride (200 ml) and acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid (200 ml). The white solid that separated was isolated by extraction with methylene chloride (3 x 250 ml). The extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure to give the pure 2,5-dimethylbenzenephosphinic acid (99 g, 60%) as an oil, which slowly crystallized to a solid of mp 77-79°C. 

The controlled occurrence of two electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions at a single phosphorus center using phosphorus trichloride has been accomplished using aluminum chloride as the catalyst, but with tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphite as the agent for the decomposition of the adduct-Lewis acid complex (Figure 6.13).60... 

Pechiney H+ A process for extracting aluminum from clays and other aluminous ores and wastes by hydrochloric acid. The ore is first attacked by sulfuric acid and a hydrated aluminum chloride sulfate is isolated. Sparging a solution of this with hydrogen chloride precipitates aluminum trichloride hexahydrate, which is pyrohydrolyzed in two stages. Invented in 1977 by J. Cohen and A. Adjemian at Aluminium Pechiney, France, and subsequently developed in association with Alcan. Piloted in France but not yet commercialized. 

Toth A method proposed for making aluminum metal from clay. The dried clay, mixed with coke, is chlorinated to yield aluminum trichloride and silicon tetrachloride. The volatile chlorides are separated by distillation and the aluminum chloride then reduced with manganese metal ... 

Suitable agents are chlorosulfonic acid, monohydrate, or concentrated sulfuric acid. Other methods include cyclization of phenylthioglycolic acid chlorides, which is afforded by Friedel-Crafts reaction with aluminum chloride, possibly in the presence of sulfuric acid/sodium chloride. The acid chloride is obtained from phenylthioglycolic acid with thionyl chloride or phosphorus trichloride. 

Aluminum chloride or gallium trichloride (82MI3) or trimethylaluminum (82MI2) convert 4-methylbenzene-1,2-dithiol into the radical cation of 2,7-dipiethylthianthrene the rather unlikely loss of hydrogen sulfide in a step, 95 96, was imputed (Scheme 16). 

In the laboratory, boron trichloride may be made at ordinary temperatures by the reaction of boron trifluoride with aluminum chloride ... 

Methylbenzofuran-3-carbaldehydes undergo ready condensation with Meldrum s acid (isopropylidene malonate) to afford arylmethylene derivatives 83. These on flash vacuum pyrolysis at 500-600 C give 3-dibenzofuranols 84 (Scheme 21). The arylmethylene derivative, e.g., 85, presumably undergoes conversion to a methylene ketene (86, Scheme 22) on pyrolysis, which undergoes a [1,5-H] shift and subsequent cyclization and tautomerization, yielding the dibenzofuranol 87. The derived methyl ether 88 has been converted by mild acetylation with acetyl chloride and aluminum chloride and subsequent boron trichloride-induced demethylation to the natural product ruscodibenzofuran (8). A limitation is imposed on this method because 3-acetyl-2-methyldibenzofurans fail to condense with Meldrum s acid so that l-methyl-3-dibenzofuranols are not available by this method. ... 

Benzene, Arsenic trichloride. Isopentane, Aluminum chloride. Sodium bicarhonate. Sodium sulfate Ammonium nitrate. Aluminum powder. Hydrazine Dimethylformamide, Sodium azide. Chloroform, Sodium sulfate, 2,2,2-Trichloroethylamine... 

Phosphorus trichloride, Aluminum chloride. Methyl chloride, Methylene chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Isopropyl alcohol, Toluene, Pyridine, Calcium chloride Sodium cyanide, Carbon tetrachloride, Ethyl alcohol,... 

Phosphorus trichloride, Aluminum chloride. Isopropyl chloride. Methylene chloride. Hydrochloric acid. Sodium fluoride. Isopropyl alcohol. Silica gel. Isopropyl ether, Toluene Phosphorus trichloride. Aluminum chloride, Isopropyl chloride, Methylene chloride, Hydrochloric acid, Hydrofluoric acid, Isopropyl alcohol, Silica gel, Isopropyl ether Phosphorus trichloride, Aluminum chloride, Methyl chloride, Methylene chloride, Hydrochloric acid. Sodium fluoride, Pinacolyl alcohol. Silica gel. Isopropyl ether. Toluene Phosphorus trichloride. Aluminum chloride. Methyl chloride. Methylene chloride. Hydrochloric acid. Hydrofluoric acid, Pinacolyl alcohol. Silica gel. Isopropyl ether Phosphorus trichloride. Aluminum chloride. Methyl chloride. Methylene chloride. Hydrochloric acid, Pinacolyl alcohol. Silica gel. Isopropyl ether. Toluene... 

Ammonium chloride. Benzene, Perchloryl fluoride Benzene, Arsenic trichloride. Aluminum chloride Pentaerythritol, Nitric acid. Sulfuric acid. Methylene chloride. Urea, Sodium bicarbonate. Diethyl ether Pentaerythritol, Nitric acid. Sulfuric acid. Methylene chlorine. Urea, Sodium bicarbonate Pentaerythritol, Nitric acid. Acetone, Ethanol Pentaerythritol, Nitric acid. Acetone, Sulfuric acid. Sodium carbonate... 

Benzene, Arsenic trichloride. Isopentane, Aluminum chloride. Sodium bicarbonate. Sodium sulfate... 

Sodium cyanide, Glacial acetic acid, Chlorine gas. Carbon tetrachloride Benzene, Aluminum chloride, 2-Chloroacetyl chloride. Hydrochloric acid. Sodium hydroxide. Methylene chloride. Calcium chloride. Hexanes Methanol, MalononitrUe, o-Chlorobenzaldehyde, Piperdine Tetrahydrofuran, Hydrogen chloride, Chloropicrin, Powdered tin Benzene, Arsenic trichloride. Aluminum chloride. Hexanes Acetone, Sulfuric acid. Chlorine, Calcium chloride Isopropylamine, Glyoxal, Diethyl ether Benzene, Pyridine, Diphenylamine, Arsenic trichloride Tetraethyl lead. Arsenic trichloride... 

Diethyl ether, Dichloromethylphosphine, Ethyl alcohol, N,N-Diethylamine, 2-Dimethylaminomethanol, Rhombic sulfur Acetylene, Arsenic trichloride. Aluminum chloride Acetylene, Arsenic trichloride. Mercuric chloride, Hydrochloric acid Methylene chloride. Magnesium metal turnings, Tetrahydrofuran, Arsenic trichloride, Hexanes... 

Benzene, Arsenic trichloride, Aluminum chloride. Hexanes Acetic anhydride. Nitric acid, Hexamine, Acetic acid, Methylene chloride. Sodium bicarbonate, Magnesium sulfate, Dioxane, Hydrogen chloride, Acetone, Sodium azide m-phenylenediamine, Methanol, Sodium carbonate, Ethyl chloromate, Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid... 

The aluminum chloride is handled, in this case, as an approximately 9% solution in relatively inert molten antimony trichloride the solution has a solidification point of about 170° F. (10). As in the other processes, a small amount of liquid aluminum chloride-hydrogen chloride-hydrocarbon complex is continuously formed. 

To 68 g. (0.5 mole) of phenylacetic acid (Org. Syn. 2, 63) (Note 1) in a i-l. flask fitted with a reflux condenser and a system for absorbing hydrogen chloride (Org. Syn. 8, 27) (Note 2), is added 35 g. (0.25 mole) of phosphorus trichloride. The mixture is heated on a steam bath for one hour. While the contents of the flask are still warm, 400 cc. of dry benzene is added. The benzene solution of phenylacetyl chloride is decanted from the residue of phosphorous acid on 75 g. (0.56 mole) of anhydrous aluminum chloride in a dry, i-l. flask which can be fitted to the same condenser. The reaction is vigorous at first and cooling is necessary. The mixture is refluxed for one hour on a steam bath, then cooled and poured into a mixture of 500 g. of cracked ice and 200 g. of concentrated hydrochloric acid. The benzene layer is separated, and the aqueous layer is extracted once with a mixture of 100 cc. of benzene and 100 cc. of ether (Note 2). The ether-benzene solution is washed once with 100 cc. of water (Note 3), and then dried over 40-50 g. of calcium chloride. The solution is filtered (Note 4) with suction into a i-l. Claiscn flask and the solvent is removed by distillation under reduced pressure (Note 5) the residue consists of a brown oil which solidifies on cooling. 

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