Aluminum trichloride-metal chloride

Pyridine has been phenylated with the following free-radical sources benzenediazonium chloride with aluminum trichloride the Gomberg reaction " phenylhydrazine and metal oxides A -nitroso-acetanilide dibenzoyl peroxide phenylazotriphenylmethane di-phenyliodonium hydroxide and electrolysis of benzoic acid. ° Although 2-phenylpyridine usually accounts for over 50% of the total phenylated product, each of the three phenyl derivatives can be obtained from the reaction by fractional recrystallization of the... 

Hichlor A family of processes for making aluminum trichloride and other volatile metal chlorides by chlorinating fly ash and other coal wastes in fixed and fluidized beds. Developed by Ames Laboratory and Iowa State University from the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s. Not commercialized. 

Toth A method proposed for making aluminum metal from clay. The dried clay, mixed with coke, is chlorinated to yield aluminum trichloride and silicon tetrachloride. The volatile chlorides are separated by distillation and the aluminum chloride then reduced with manganese metal ... 

Diethyl ether, Dichloromethylphosphine, Ethyl alcohol, N,N-Diethylamine, 2-Dimethylaminomethanol, Rhombic sulfur Acetylene, Arsenic trichloride. Aluminum chloride Acetylene, Arsenic trichloride. Mercuric chloride, Hydrochloric acid Methylene chloride. Magnesium metal turnings, Tetrahydrofuran, Arsenic trichloride, Hexanes... 

A 1 2 mixture of l-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride and aluminum trichloride, an ionic liquid that melts below room temperature, has been recommended recently as solvent and catalyst for Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation reactions of aromatics (Boon et al., 1986), and as solvent for UV/Vis- and IR-spectroscopic investigations of transition metal halide complexes (Appleby et al., 1986). The corresponding 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium tetrachloroborate (as well as -butylpyridinium tetrachlo-roborate) represent new molten salt solvent systems, stable and liquid at room temperature (Williams et al., 1986). 

Researchers at Solvay reported in a patent that aluminum trichloride can be activated with metal halides [e. g., silver chloride or iron(III) chloride] and acid salts NaF nllF.33 Thus, 1,2-dichloro-l.l,2-trifluoroethane (19) has been converted into 2,2-dichloro-l.l.Ttrifluoroethane (20), and l,1.2-trichloro-l,2.2-trifluoroethane (1) into l.1.l-trichloro-2.2.2-trifluoroethane (2) with reduced byproduct formation. 

The metal chlorides should be carefully purified before use. The iron(III) chloride is obtained from the commercial anhydrous material by heating for about an hour under refluxing thionyl chloride ( 10 mL per gram of iron-(III) chloride). The solvent is then removed by distillation. The aluminum trichloride is sublimed in vacuo at ca. 120° onto a cold water finger the antimony(V) chloride is freshly distilled (e.g., at 68°/14 torr) under dry nitrogen. 

Whatever metal is used, homogeneous processes suffer from high cost resulting from the consumption of the catalyst, whether recycled or not. This is why two-phase catalytic processes have been developed such as hydroformylation catalyzed by rhodium complexes, which are dissolved in water thanks to hydrophilic phosphines (cf. Section 3.1.1.1) [17]. Due to the sensitivity of most dimerization catalysts to proton-active or coordinating solvents, the use of non-aqueous ionic liquids (NAILs) as catalyst solvents has been proposed. These media are typically mixtures of quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salts, such as 1,3-dialkylimi-dazolium chloride, with aluminum trichloride (cf. Section 3.1.1.2.2). They prove to be superb solvents for cationic active species such as the cationic nickel complexes which are the active species of olefin dimerization [18, 19]. The dimers. 

Addition compounds of 1,3,5-triazine with several Lewis acids can also be formed in which one or two molecules of the Lewis acid are bound to one molecule of 1,3,5-triazine. The structures of the obtained adducts 4 depend on the nature of the metal cation examples of Lewis acids that can be used in this reaction are aluminum trichloride, titanium(IV) chloride, tin(IV) chloride and antimony(V) chloride.26 In inert solvents, boron trifluoride and 1,3,5-triazine produce a stable adduct with the appearance of fine needles.28... 

ALUMINUM TRICHLORIDE or ALUMINUM TRICHLORIDE SOLUTION (7446-70-0) Contact with moist air or water produces hydrogen chloride and heat. Contact with water, alcohol, alkenes, bases, epichlorohydrin, ethylene oxide can result in violent polymerization. Incompatible with butyl nitrate, glycidol, methyl chloride, organic material, oxygen difluoride, phenyl azide. Forms shock-sensitive or explosive compounds with ammonium nitrate, nitrobenzene. Attacks metals including 316 stainless steel in the presence of moisture. 

---