Beryllium chlorides

The pyrex chlorination apparatus (Fig. 3) consists of a reaction tube A, which may be inserted into a 25-cm. sleeve-type electric furnace, and a collecting tube B, which 

Five-tenths gram of beryllium powder or chips f (0.056 mol) is placed in a pyrex boat in reaction chamber B. The open end is then sealed at A. Both reaction chamber B 

At the end of the reaction period, chamber B is evacuated and sealed off at C. The vessel is then sealed through D to the sublimation apparatus shown in Fig. 4. This amounts to a collection vessel J, which is separated from the initial sample by a coarse glass frit or plug of Fig. 4. Apparatus for the purification glass wool G. For amounts Of beryllium chloride. of beryllium up to 2.5 g., the 

Kielland and L. Tronstad Kgl. Norske Videnskab. Selskabs, Fork., 8, 147 (1935) (published in 1936). 

Brauer Handbuch der Priiparativen Anorganischen Chemie, p. 670, Fred. Enke Verlag, Stuttgart, 1954. 

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Gr. beryllos, beryl also called Glucinium or Glucinum, Gr. glykys, sweet) Discovered as the oxide by Vauquelin in beryl and in emeralds in 1798. The metal was isolated in 1828 by Wohler and by Bussy independently by the action of potassium on beryllium chloride. 

Phosgene can be employed in a variety of metal-recovery operations, eg, in the recovery of platinum, uranium, plutonium, and niobium (69—73). Phosgene has been proposed for the manufacture of aluminum chloride, beryllium chloride, and boron trichloride (74—76). Phosgene has been patented as a stabilizer, either by itself or in combination with thionyl chloride, for Hquid SO2 (77). 

BeryUium chloride [7787-47-5], BeCl2, is prepared by heating a mixture of beryUium oxide and carbon in chloride at 600—800°C. At pressures of 2.7—6.7 Pa (0.02—0.05 mm Hg) beryllium chloride sublimes at 350—380°C. It is easily hydrolyzed by water vapor or in aqueous solutions. BeryUium chloride hydrate [14871-75-1] has been obtained by concentrating a saturated aqueous solution of the chloride in a stream of hydrogen chloride. ChloroberyUate compounds have not been isolated from aqueous solutions, but they have been isolated from anhydrous fused salt mixtures. 

Antimony trichloride, pentachloride and pentafluoride Beryllium chloride Boron trichloride Bromine Chlorine Calcium fluoride Chromic fluoride Chromous fluoride Fluorine Iodine... 

Beryllium is extracted from the main source mineral, the alumino-silicate beryl, by conversion to the hydroxide and then through either the fluoride or the chloride to the final metal. If the fluoride is used, it is reduced to beryllium by magnesium by a Kroll-type reaction. The raw metal takes the form of pebble and contains much residual halides and magnesium. With the chloride on the other hand, the pure metal is extracted by electrolysis of a mixture of fused beryllium chloride and sodium chloride. The raw beryllium is now dendritic in character, but still contains residual chloride. 

Dry hydrogen chloride gas readily attacks solid beryllium above about 500° C with the formation of volatile beryllium chloride. Beryllium carbide and nitride are similarly attacked, but not beryllium oxide this behaviour is of use in one method for the determination of beryllium-oxide in metallic beryllium. 

Beryllium is obtained by electrolytic reduction of molten beryllium chloride. The element s low density makes it useful for the construction of missiles and satellites. Beryllium is also used as windows for x-ray tubes because Be atoms have so few electrons, thin sheets of the metal are transparent to x-rays and allow the rays to escape. Beryllium is added in small amounts to copper the small Be atoms pin the Cu atoms together in an interstitial alloy that is more rigid than pure copper but still conducts electricity well. These hard, electrically conducting alloys are formed into nonsparking tools for use in oil refineries and grain elevators, where there is a risk of explosion. Beryllium-copper alloys are also used in the electronics industry to form tiny nonmagnetic parts and contacts that resist deformation and corrosion. 

Aluminium sulphate Ammonium bifluoride Ammonium bisulphite Ammonium bromide Ammonium persulphate Antimony trichloride Beryllium chloride Cadmium chloride Calcium hypochlorite Copper nitrate Copper sulphate Cupric chloride Cuprous chloride Ferric chloride Ferric nitrate... 

Be Be BeCI Beryllium Beryllium chloride NaCN CO COj PbCOs... 

Titanium tetrachloride is produced on an industrial scale by the chlorination of titanium dioxide-carbon mixtures in reactors lined with silica. During the reactor operation, the lining comes into contact not only with chlorine but also with titanium tetrachloride. There appears to be no attack on silica by either of these as the lining remains intact. However, the use of such a reactor for chlorinating beryllium oxide by the carbon-chlorine reduction chlorination procedure is not possible because the silica lining is attacked in this case. This corrosion of silica can be traced to the attack of beryllium chloride on silica. The interaction of beryllium chloride with silica results in the formation of silicon tetrachloride in accordance with the reaction... 

The 1 1 complexes with beryllium chloride or titanium tetrachloride may explode violently. 

The 1 1 complex with titanium chloride or the 1 2 complex with beryllium chloride may explode violently. Careful pyrolysis of these gives mixtures of disulfur dinitride and its 1 1 complexes with the metal chlorides, which may also explode, so screening is essential. 

Although the formula for beryllium chloride is BeCl2, the compound exists in chains in the solid state. The bonding is covalent, and the environment around each Be is essentially tetrahedral with each Cl bridging between two Be atoms separated by 263 pm. 

In solvents that have donor properties, solubility leads to complex formation to give species such as S A1C13 (where S is a solvent molecule). Beryllium chloride is soluble in solvents such as alcohols, ether, and pyridine, but slightly soluble in benzene. 

When beryllium chloride is heated with LiBH4 in a sealed tube, BeB2H8 is produced. Draw a few possible structures for this compound and speculate on their stability. 

In addition to magnesium, there is an extensive chemistry of organoberyllium compounds. The alkyl compounds are obtained most conveniently by the reaction of beryllium chloride with a Grignard reagent. 

Halides other than fluoride form very weak complexes in aqueous solution there are no reliable equilibrium constants to be found in the literature. The solution chemistry of aqueous solutions of beryllium chloride, bromide, and iodide have been reviewed previously (9). Some evidence for the formation of thiocyanate complexes was obtained in solvent extraction studies (134). 

Preparation. The ores are converted to an acid-soluble form by fusion chemical processes to obtain beryllium hydroxide or oxide and then beryllium chloride or fluoride are then applied, followed by electrolysis in the melt. 

Antimony trichloride oxide, 4150 Beryllium chloride, 0221 Beryllium fluoride, 0223... 

BERYLLIUM BOROHYDRIDE BERYLLIUM BROMIDE BERYLLIUM CHLORIDE BERYLLIUM FLUORIDE BERYLLIUM IODIDE BISMUTH... 

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