Hydrated aluminum chloride

Aluminum chloride hexahydrate, AIQ 6H20, manufactured from aluminum hydroxide and hydrochloric acid [7647-01-0], HQ, is used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics as a flocculant and for impregnating textiles. Conversion of solutions of hydrated aluminum chloride with aluminum to the aluminum chlorohydroxy complexes serve as the basis of the most widely used antiperspirant ingredients (20). 

To a solution of hexa hydrated aluminum chloride (1.99g, 8.28 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) in tetrahydrofuran (25 mL), precatalyst (R,R)-salenCo (5.0 g, 8.28 mmol, 1.0 equiv. ) was added and stirred in at open atmosphere at room temperature. As soon as the chiral Co (salen) was added color of the solution changes from brick red to dark olive green. The mixture was stirred for 1 h. The resulting solution was concentrated imder reduced pressure. The crude solid was worked up with H2O and CH2CI2. Yield = 98-99 % as a dark green solid powder. The complex have been analyzed by A1 NMR with reference to [A1(D20)6] and... 

Pechiney H+ A process for extracting aluminum from clays and other aluminous ores and wastes by hydrochloric acid. The ore is first attacked by sulfuric acid and a hydrated aluminum chloride sulfate is isolated. Sparging a solution of this with hydrogen chloride precipitates aluminum trichloride hexahydrate, which is pyrohydrolyzed in two stages. Invented in 1977 by J. Cohen and A. Adjemian at Aluminium Pechiney, France, and subsequently developed in association with Alcan. Piloted in France but not yet commercialized. 

Anhydrous aluminum chloride is currently mainly manufactured by chlorination of liquid aluminum in ceramic-lined reaction vessels at 600 to 750°C, gaseous aluminum chloride being fed into condensation chambers. The reductive chlorination of aluminum oxide in the presence of coal (e.g. in the Alcoa process, see Section 3.2.3.2) is also operated industrially. Hydrated aluminum chloride is manufactured by reacting aluminum hydroxide with hydrochloric acid or hydrogen chloride. 

Alcan Alumina Hydirate. [Alcan] Alumina hydrate intermediate for mfg. of low-iron aluminum sulfate, sodium aluminate, hydrated aluminum chloride, other aluminum chemicals. 

Antiperspirants inhibit or stop perspiration. They act as an astringent, constricting the sweat gland ducts. The most commonly used antiperspirants are compounds of aluminum — aluminum chlorohydrates (M2(OH)sC, Al2(OH)4Cl2, and so on), hydrated aluminum chloride (AICI36H2O), and others. 

Hie samples were prepared fixim tetraethyiorthosilicate, phosphoric ackl (85%) and hydrated aluminum chloride or nitrate. TEOS is first hydrolyzed by water in ethanol solution, with HCl as a catalyst. An aqueous solution of the aluminum salt and phosphoric acid is then carefiilly added. That clear acidic solution is injected at the base of a reactor containing an ammonia solution kept at 0 C and pH 8 by a pump coupled to a pH electrode. The gel is left for ageing in the mother solution at pH = 8 under slight stirring, washed with water and isopropanol and finally dried by water exchange in isopropanol. 

AICI3 6H2O (hydrated aluminum chloride), 250 g ZnCn.2 (zinc chloride) (anhydrous) 30-60 1-6 min ... 

The aluminas studied were Alcoa A-14, which had been elutriated to a particle size range of 3-5 // diameter, a high-purity powder prepared by calcining hydrated aluminum chloride which had been obtained by dissolving high-purity aluminum metal in HCl, Linde C1.0( ), and Alcoa 2456G ( ). The latter three powders were clustered, with ultimate particles of about 0.3, 0.3, and 5 // diameter, respectively. 

There are several processes available for the manufacture of cryoHte. The choice is mainly dictated by the cost and quaUty of the available sources of soda, alumina, and fluoriae. Starting materials iaclude sodium aluminate from Bayer s alumina process hydrogen fluoride from kiln gases or aqueous hydrofluoric acid sodium fluoride ammonium bifluoride, fluorosiUcic acid, fluoroboric acid, sodium fluosiUcate, and aluminum fluorosiUcate aluminum oxide, aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride, alumina hydrate and sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, and sodium aluminate. 

The inactivity of pure anhydrous Lewis acid haUdes in Friedel-Crafts polymerisation of olefins was first demonstrated in 1936 (203) it was found that pure, dry aluminum chloride does not react with ethylene. Subsequentiy it was shown (204) that boron ttifluoride alone does not catalyse the polymerisation of isobutylene when kept absolutely dry in a vacuum system. However, polymers form upon admission of traces of water. The active catalyst is boron ttifluoride hydrate, BF H20, ie, a conjugate protic acid H" (BF20H) . 

Commercially, aluminum chloride is available as the anhydrous AIQ, as the hexahydrate, AICI36 H2O, or as a 28% aqueous solution designated 32°Be. Polyalumiaum chloride, or poly(alumiaum hydroxy) chloride [1327-41 -9] is a member of the family of basic aluminum chlorides. These are partially neutralized hydrates having the formula Al2Clg (0H) 6 H2O where x = 1-5. 

Internal Sizing. The most widely used internal sizes are alkyl ketene dimers (AKD), alkenylsuccinic anhydrides (ASA), and rosin-based sizes that are used with papermaker s alum (aluminum sulfate with 14 waters of hydration), polyaluminum chloride (PAG), or polyaluminum siUcosulfate (PAS) (61). The rosin-based sizes are used under acidic conditions. Since the mid 1980 s there has been a steady conversion from acid to alkaline paper production, resulting in static to declining demand for the rosin-based sizing systems. Rosin is a complex mixture of compounds and consists primarily of monocarboxyhc acids with alkylated hydrophenan threne stmctures (62). A main constituent of wood rosin, gum rosin and taH-oil rosin is abietic acid. 

Aluminum. . . Aluminum Chloride. Aluminum Chloride. Aluminum Sulfale Aluminum Sulfale Aluminum Hydrate. 

Table I. It is probable that all the indicated yields can be improved. However, using these data as a criterion, it appears that the chloral can be replaced by its hydrate or alcoholate and that a moderate excess of fluorobenzene favors the reaction. There is one report that aluminum chloride brings about this condensation (34), but here, as with DDT, the choice condensing agents are concentrated sulfuric acid (with or without the addition of oleum), and chlorostflfonic acid (84). A moderate temperature and prolonged stirring, which must also be vigorous, increase the yield.

When the solvent is evaporated, a solid is obtained that contains the hydrated aluminum ion and chloride ions. This solid can be described as [A1(H20)6]C13, although the number of water molecules may depend on the conditions. When this solid is heated, water is lost until the composition [A1(H20)3C13] is approached. When heated to still higher temperature, this compound loses HC1 rather than water ... 

Vigorous stirring is necessary to prevent caking of the aluminum chloride hydrate and to prevent localized hydrolysis. The checkers found that exactly 7 moles of water gave a somewhat improved yield, but handling was more diflicult. 

ACH (2) [Aluminium chlorohydrate] This is the common name for some types of basic aluminum chloride, but the name has been used also to designate the process by which such a product is made. Several processes are used to make the several commercial aluminum chloride products available, some of which are proprietary. In general it is necessary to introduce an excess of aluminum to a chloride solution, such that the atom ratio of aluminum to chlorine is less than three. The aluminum may be introduced as either the metal or the hydrated oxide. 

Ethyl diazoacetate, as source of car-bethoxycarbene, 50, 94 Ethylene, with p-methoxyphenyl-acetyl chloride and aluminum chloride to give 6-methoxy- 3-tetralone, 51,109 Ethyl hydrazinecarboxylate, from hydrazine hydrate and diethyl carbonate, 51,121 Ethylidenecyclohexylamine, 50,66 Ethyl 1-iodopropionate, from ethyl... 

When aluminum chloride salt is dissolved in water, aluminum (111) cations become surrounded by clusters of six water molecules to form a hexahydrated aluminum cation, Al(H20)g ". Being a Group lllA metal, aluminum easily gives up its valence electrons. The oxygen atom in water possesses two lone pairs. What kind of bonding most likely occurs between the aluminum and the hydrating water molecules ... 

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