Adult T-cell

Retroviruses Human T-cell leukaemia virus (HTLV-1) Spherical enveloped virus lOOnm in diameter, icosahedral cores contain two copies of linear RNA molecules and reverse transcriptase HTI.V is spread inside infected lymphocytes in blood, semen or breast milk. Most infections remain asymptomatic but after an incubation period of 10-40 years in about 2% of cases, adult T-cell leukaemia can result... 

The list of vimses involved in other human cancers includes hepatitis B, which is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma human papilloma viruses with cervical, penile and some anal carcinomas human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 associated with adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma syndrome and HIV with Kaposi s sarcoma. 

ATHERO-ELAM A montxyte adhesion molecule ATL Adult T cell leukaemia ATP Adenosine triphosphate ATPase Adenosine triphosphatase ATP-ys Adenosine 3 thiotriphosphate AITP Autoimmune thrombcKytopenic purpura AUC Area under curve AVP Arginine vasopressin... 

Lymphomas not included in Working Formulation mycosis fungoides, mantle cell lymphoma, monocytoid B-cell lymphoma, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), anaplastic large cell lymphoma, angiocentric lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD), Castleman s disease, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. 

Ishida T, Iida S, Akatsuka Y, et al. The CC chemokine receptor 4 as a novel specific molecular target for immunotherapy in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2004 10 7529-7539. 

Adult T-cell leukemia Human T-cell Retrovirus RNA... 

Rollins-Smith, L.A., and Blair, R, Expression of class II major histocompatibility complex antigens on adult T cells in Xenopus is metamorphosis-dependent, Dev Immunol., 1, 97, 1990. 

HTLV I Endemic in W Indies and SW Japan transmission via blood, human milk can cause adult T-cell leukemia, and HTLV I-associated myelopathy and tropical spastic paraparesis... 

MM = multiple myeloma ATL = adult T-cell leukemia ALL = acute lymphoblastic leukemia CLL = chronic lymphocytic leukemia FCC = follicular center cell lymphoma DLC = diffuse large cell lymphoma TRB = T-cell rich B-cell lymphoma ALCL = anaplastic large cell lymphoma MALT = mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type lymphoma LC = lung cancer CMM = cutaneous malignant melanoma TCC = transitional cell carcinoma CSCC = cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. 

K2. Kamihira, S., Yamada, Y, Tomonaga, M., Sugahara, K., and Tsuruda, K., Discrepant expression of membrane and soluble isoforms of Fas (CD95/APO-1) in adult T-cell leukaemia Soluble Fas isoform is an independent risk factor for prognosis. Br. J. Haematol. 107, 851-860 (1999). 

K3. Kinoshita, K., Kamihira, S., Yamada, Y, Amagasaki, T., Ikeda, S., Momita, S., and Ichimaru, M., Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma in the Nagasaki district. In Adult T-Cell Leukemia and Related Disease (M. Hanaoka, K. Takatsuki, and M. Shimoyama, eds.), pp. 167-184. Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo, 1982. 

Shimoyama, M., Diagnostic criteria and classification of clinical subtypes of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma. A report from the Lymphoma Study Group (1984-87). Br. J. Haematol. 79,428-437 (1991). 

T2. Tamiya, S., Ftoh, K., Suzushima, H., Takatsuki, K., and Matsuoka, M., Mutation of CD95 (Fas/Apo-1) gene in adult T-cell leukemia cells. Blood 91, 3935-3942 (1998). 

Certain RNA viruses, particularly retroviruses, have also proven capable of inducing cancer. Retroviruses known to induce cancer in animals include Rous sarcoma virus, Kirsten murine sarcoma virus, avian myelocytomatosis virus, as well as various murine leukaemia viruses. Thus far, the only well-characterized human RNA transforming virus is that of human T cell lymphocytotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1), which can induce adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL). Identification of antigens uniquely associated with various tumour types, and identification of additional cancer-causing viruses, remain areas of very active research. 

Kasai T, Iwanaga Y, Iha H et al. Prevalent loss of mitotic spindle checkpoint in adult T-cell leukemia confers resistance to microtubule inhibitors. JBiol Chem 2002 277 5187-5193. 

Isobe T, Horimatsu T, Fujita T, Miyazaki K, Sugiyama T. Adult T cell lymphoma following diphenylhydantoin therapy. Nippon Ketsueki Gakkai Zasshi 1980 43(4) 711-4. 

Tomita M, Kawakami H, Uchihara JN, Okudaira T, Masuda M, Takasu N, Matsuda T, Ohta T, Tanaka Y, Ohshiro K, Mori N. 2006. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) inhibits constitutive active NF-kappaB, leading to suppression of cell growth of human T-cell leukemia virus type I-infected T-cell lines and primary adult T-cell leukemia cells. Int J Cancer 118 765-772. 

T/NK (natural killer) cell lymphomas are much less common in Western countries and much less understood than the B cell lymphomas. Thus, the discussion of these entities will be much briefer. In addition, a significant number of the T/NK lymphomas, such as enteropathy-type T cell lymphoma, hepatosplenic T cell lymphoma, subcutaneous panniculitis-like T cell lymphoma, blastic NK cell lymphoma, T cell granular lymphocytic leukemia, and adult T cell leukemia/ lymphoma, will not be discussed in this review. The reader is advised to consult the recent World Health Organization Classification of Tumours (J2). 

Mitsui, A., Hirakawa, T., and Yodoi, J. 1992. Reactive oxygen-reducing and protein-refolding activities of adult T cell leukomia-derived factor/human thioredoxin. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 186 1220-1226. 

Ohira, A., Honda, O., Gauntt, C.D., Yamamoto, M., Hori, K., Masutani, H., Yodoi, J., and Honda, Y. 1994. Oxidative stress induces adult T cell leukemia derived factor/thioredoxin in the rat retina. Lab. Invest. 70 279-285. 

Yokomise, H., Fukuse, T., Hirata, T., Olikubo, K., and Go, T. 1996. Effect of recombinant human adult T cell leukomia-derived factor on rat lung reperfusion injury. Respiration 61 99-104. 

Zhang et al. (2003) found the potential of capsaicin in inhibiting the growth of adult T-cell leukaemia cells. Human T-cell leukaemia... 

Mahieux R, Gessain A. HTLV-1 associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Rev Clin Exp Hematol 2003 7 336-61. 

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