Adenosine-5’-phosphat

Kinoshita, Imoto etal.11 14) synthesized other anionic models, 5 (APVP), CPVP, UPVP, TPVA, HPVA, THPVA, and 6 (AMPPVA), by the polymer reaction of N-eoupled(2-dihydrogenphosphate)-ethylderivatives of nucleic acid bases (or adenosine-5 -phosphate, AMP) with polyvinylaleohol. A, C, U, T, H, and TH denote adenine, cytosine, uracil, thymin, hypoxanthine, and theophylline, respectively. The authors reported the apparent hypochromities of 3 to 16% for many kinds of mixtures of the models and DNA or RNA, as compiled in Table 1. However, for the mixtures APVA + RNA, HPVA + RNA HPVA + DNA, THPVA + RNA, CPVA + DNA and CPVA + RNA, no hypochromicity was detected. 

Scheme 23.—Some important steps in the biosynthesis of adenosine 5 -phosphate, and the branching of the sequence at the AIR level, leading ultimately to pyramine, in S. ryphimurium cells.

G. Graf, and G. Lagally, Interaction of clay minerals with adenosine-5-phosphates. Clays Clay Min. 25 12 (1980). 

A mixture of adenosine 5 -di (ppA), tri (pppA), and tetra (p4A) phosphates is formed if adenosine 5 -phosphate (pA) is reacted with phosphoryltriimidazole in aqueous solution (N-ethylmorpholine buffer, pH 7) in the presence of Mg" ions. 791... 

The reaction, using the example of adenosine-5 -phosphate, is shown in Fig. 6.1. 

The isomerism existing between the pairs of nucleotides was attributed to the different locations of the phosphoryl residues in the carbohydrate part of the parent nucleoside,49 63 since, for instance, the isomeric adenylic acids are both hydrolyzed by acids to adenine, and by alkalis or kidney phosphatase to adenosine. Neither is identical with adenosine 5-phosphate since they are not deaminated by adenylic-acid deaminase,68 60 and are both more labile to acids than is muscle adenylic acid. An alternative explanation of the isomerism was put forward by Doherty.61 He was able, by a process of transglycosidation, to convert adenylic acids a" and 6 to benzyl D-riboside phosphates which were then hydrogenated to optically inactive ribitol phosphates. He concluded from this that both isomers are 3-phosphates and that the isomerism is due to different configurations at the anomeric position. This evidence is, however, open to the same criticism detailed above in connection with the work of Levene and coworkers. Further work has amply justified the original conclusion regarding the nature of the isomerism, since it has been found that, in all four cases, a and 6 isomers give rise to the same nucleoside on enzymic hydrolysis.62 62 63 It was therefore evident that the isomeric nucleotides are 2- and 3-phosphates, since they are demonstrably different from the known 5-phosphates. The decision as to which of the pair is the 2- and which the 3-phosphate proved to be a difficult one. The problem is complicated by the fact that the a and b" nucleotides are readily interconvertible.64,64... 

A method has been developed which is designed to remove nucleotide residues singly from a polynucleotide chain, and it is anticipated that more precise information will shortly be forthcoming regarding the order in which the nucleotides are linked.220 The method is based on the fact that esters of 3-oxo alcohols are unstable toward alkali. In agreement with this, it is found that the products of the action of periodate on adenosine 5-phosphate (XXX) or adenosine 5-(benzyl hydrogen phosphate) are hydrolyzed under very mild conditions. Thus, after removal of terminal, singly-esterified phosphoryl residues from a polynucleotide chain, it is anticipated that periodate oxidation and hydrolysis will result in the removal of the... 

Adenine Adenosine-5 -phosphate (AMP) Deoxyadenosine-5 -phosphate (dAMP)... 

Fig. 2 States of protonation of the nucleotide adenosine 5 -phosphate depending on the pH of the solution...

An intriguing use of the oxidative potential stored in thianthrene radical ion(l-l-) is provided by the formation of high-energy phosphate bonds. Thus, the interaction of adenosine-5 -phosphate (AMP) and orthophos-phoric acid, each as their ammonium salts, with two equivalents of thi-... 

The main component of the adenosine diphosphate sugar fraction from a Salmonella typhimurium strain was unexpectedly found to be adenosine 5 -(D-mannitol 1-pyrophosphate)190 (45). Upon treatment with acid or with snake-venom pyrophosphatase, it produces adenosine 5 -phosphate and D-mannitol 1-phosphate these observations confirm the structure assigned. 

Adenosine 5 -phosphate Guanosine 5 -phosphate Cytidine 5 -phosphate Uridine 5 -phosphate... 

P 2 -deoxyadenosine 5 -diphosphate + trans-farnesyl triphosphate S 2 -deoxy-adenosine 5 phosphate -I- trans-farnesyl diphosphate <1> (<1>... 

Adenosine 5 -phosphate. See AMP Adenosine diphosphate. See ADP Adenosine monophosphate. See AMP Adenosine triphosphate. See ATP Adenosine-diphosphate-ribose. See ADP-ribose... 

Muscular work is accompanied by the production of ammonia, the immediate source of which is adenosine 5 -phosphate (AMP).301 302 This fact led to the recognition of another substrate cycle (Chapter 11) that functions by virtue of the presence of a biosynthetic pathway and of a degradative enzyme in the same cells (cycle A, Fig. 25-17). This purine nucleotide cycle operates in the brain303 304 as well as in muscle. The key enzyme 5-AMP aminohydrolase (AMP deaminase step a, Fig. 25-17) also occurs in erythrocytes and many other tissues.304 305 Persons having normal erythrocyte levels but an absence of this enzyme in muscles suffer from muscular weakness and cramping after exercise.306... 

The incorporation of the D-alanine ester groups is, presumably, the last stage in the biosynthesis of teichoic acids. Several organisms possess enzymes which activate D-alanine, that is, which form a D-alanyl-adenosine 5-phosphate-enzyme complex but, so far, there has been no demonstration of incorporation, in cell-free systems, of D-alanine into teichoic acid or any... 

Synthesis of peptides from amino acids in the solid state or in aqueous solution has been reported with the aid of ATP, Mg2 and free imidazole 34 36). a 4.5 % yield of glycine peptides has been reported in the solid state, 0.6 % yield in aqueous solution 36). Gly-N-pA is formed in a yield of 72.5 % from glycine and chemically synthesized ImpA in aqueous solution, pH 8.0, at room temperature 37). At initial of pH 6.0 glycyl 5 -adenylate (gly-O-pA) and 2 (3 )-0-glycyl adenosine 5 -phosphate (pA-g W are formed 37). 

In the case of the purines and pyrimidines, the electrophilicity of the C=N— and C=0 group generally outweighs the deactivating action of the OH and NH2 groups thus all these compounds approach the diffusion-controlled limit. Some differences in rate, like that between adenosine and adenosine-5-phosphate (3-1 x 1010 and 3-8 x 109 m-1 sec-1, respectively) (Scholes et al., 1965), may be accounted for by the double negative charge of the latter species. 

Table 2. Adenosine 5 -phosphate acidity constants and their Al3+ complex stability constants ...

Adenosine 5 -phosphate is also known as AMP (for adenosine monophosphate) or adenylic acid. If deoxyribose replaces ribose in adenosine 5 -phosphate, the terminology is dAMP or deoxyadenylic acid. The abbreviated names for some ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides are listed below. 

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