Adenylyl- -adenosine phosphate

C2oH25N10010P -2 C13H12N3+ 04S2- Adenylyl-(3 — 5 )-adenosine phosphate bis(proflavin ADPAPF 43 373... 

C2oH25NioOioP 2 Ci3Hi2N3+ 04S Adenylyl-(3 +5 )-adenosine phosphate bis(proflavin hemisulfate) (ADPAPF) ... 

The first question asked and answered was what is the conformation of a. dinucleoside phosphate Some possible stacked conformations are shown in Figure 3. Of course, before measurements were made it was not clear that the bases were stacked at all. However, the first ORD measurements made on adenylyl adenosine (ApA) immediately showed that the bases were stacked and that they began a right handed helix [14]. Our most recent calculation (Figure 4) shows that the conformations of ApA and deoxyadenylyl deoxyadeno-sine (dApdA) are similar to those found in their corresponding double stranded helical structures. That is, ApA has a conformation like one strand of a double stranded RNA helix, while dApdA has a conformation like a double stranded B-form DNA helix [15]. 

Probably all adenylyl cyclases are inhibited competitively by substrate analogs, which bind at the site and to the enzyme configuration with which cation-ATP binds (cf Fig. 4). One of the best competitive inhibitors is (3-L-2, 3 -dideoxy adenosine-5 -triphosphate ( 3-L-2, 3 -dd-5 -ATP Table 4) [4], which allowed the identification of the two metal sites within the catalytic active site (cf Fig. 4) [3]. This ligand has also been labeled with 32P in the (3-phosphate and is a useful ligand for reversible, binding displacement assays of adenylyl cyclases [4]. The two inhibitors, 2, 5 -dd-3 -ATP and 3-L-2, 3 -dd-5 -ATP, are comparably potent... 

In addition to the usual adenine nucleotides (such as adenosine 5-phosphate, adenosine 5-pyrophosphate, and adenosine 5-triphosphoric acid) present in bacterial extracts, several adenine nucleotides of uncertain structure have been reported. These substances, termed adenylyl peptides have been isolated from trichloroacetic acid extracts of Staphylococcus aureus ... 

Adenine, 9-(a-D-ribofuranosyl)-, 115 Adenosine, 115 5-phosphate, 204 5-pyrophosphate, 204 5-triphosphoric acid, 204, 231 —, 2-deoxy-, 228, 229 5-triphosphste, 231 —, iV -hydroxy-, 5-phosphate, 232 Adenylyl peptides, 204 Aerobacter aerogenes, 314, 315 Agrobacterium tumefaciens, 327 Alanine, (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-, 269 —, phenyl-, 236, 237, 264, 265, 268 Alditols, acid dissociation constants of, 32,... 

Fig. 6.2.1. Regulation of assimilatory sulfate metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (Cherest et al., 1969 Siegel, 1975 de Vito and Dreyfuss, 1964). Abbreviations as follows ADP adenosine 5 -diphosphate AMP adenosine 5 -phosphate (adenylic acid) APS adenylyl sulphate ATP adenosine 5 -triphosphate NADP, NADPH nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (oxidised and reduced) PAP adenosine 3, 5 -diphos-phate PAPS 3 -phosphoadenylyl sulphate Pj orthophosphate ion PPj pyrophosphate ion.

Fig. 4 Assays for G-protein-coupled receptors. The two main ciasses are binding and functional assays. Binding assays detect compounds that are ligands of the receptor. Functional assays probe the signaling of the receptor within the cell. Gs/i and Gq/i, G-proteins PLC, phospholipase C AC, adenylyl cyclase DAG, diacylglycerol cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate PKC, protein kinase C PKA, protein kinase A (PKA) lns(l,4,5)P3, inositol phosphates P-CREB, phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein CRE, cAMP regulatory element.

The origin of the sulfuric acid group of the galactan is not known. However, in this connection, it is of interest to compare the structure of active sulfate (adenylyl sulfate 3 -phosphate), which is known to be a sulfate donor, " with that of the adenosine 3, 5 -pyrophosphate discovered in Porphyra perforata The adenosine 3, 5 -pyrophosphate in this alga may possibly activate the inorganic sulfate, causing the formation of active sulfate, which then eflFects the enzymic sulfation of the polysaccharide. 

Adenosine 2, 5 -diphosphate, A-34 Adenosine 3, 5 -diphosphate, A-35 Adenosine 5 -tetraphosphate, A-38 Adenosine triphosphate, A-39 Adenosine 5 -uridine 5 -phosphate, A-40 Adenyhc add, A-44 2 -Adenyhc acid, A-45 3 -Adenyhc add, A-31 Adenylosuccinic acid, A-43 Adenylyl-(2 -> 50-adenosine, A-46 Adenylyl-(3 -> 50-adenosine, A-47... 

Nitrophenylphospho) adenylyl- S -5 ) -uridine. The ammonium salt of 4-nitrophenyl adenosine 5 -phosphate (422 /tmoles), 442 /imoles of UDP, and 280 ng of pancreatic ribonuclease A are incubated in 10 tubes of 1 ml each containing 3.2 mM MgCla, 0.3 roM EDTA, 0.12 M Trischloride at pH 9.0 with 4 mg polynucleotide phosphorylase for 16 hr at 37°. The reaction is terminated by boiling for 2 min, then 10 mg of alkaline phosphatase and 10 yumoles of ZnCl2 are added to the pooled and cooled incubation mixtures. Incubation at 37° is carried out for additional 24 hr. The whole reaction mixture is directly applied to Whatman No. 3 MM paper for preparative paper chromatography in solvent system B. Mobility relative to 5 -uridylic acid is 1.12 in solvent system C, 0.5. Yields vary between 10 and 20%. 

---