Muscular weakness

Muscovite mica Muscular weakness Mushroom Mushrooms... 

Exposure to excessive amounts of lead over a long period of time (chronic exposure) increases the risk of developing certain diseases. The parts of the body which may be affected include the blood, nervous system, digestive system, reproductive system, and kidneys. These effects include anemia, muscular weakness, kidney damage, and reproductive effects, such as reduced fertiHty in both men and women, and damage to the fetus of exposed pregnant women. 

Manufacture, Shipment, and Analysis. In the United States, sodium and potassium thiocyanates are made by adding caustic soda or potash to ammonium thiocyanate, followed by evaporation of the ammonia and water. The products are sold either as 50—55 wt % aqueous solutions, in the case of sodium thiocyanate, or as the crystalline soHds with one grade containing 5 wt % water and a higher assay grade containing a maximum of 2 wt % water. In Europe, the thiocyanates may be made by direct sulfurization of the corresponding cyanide. The acute LD q (rat, oral) of sodium thiocyanate is 764 mg/kg, accompanied by convulsions and respiratory failure LD q (mouse, oral) is 362 mg/kg. The lowest pubhshed toxic dose for potassium thiocyanate is 80—428 mg/kg, with hallucinations, convulsions, or muscular weakness. The acute LD q (rat, oral) for potassium thiocyanate is 854 mg/kg, with convulsions and respiratory failure. 

Exposure to carbon monoxide resulting from inadequate ventilation and/or leakage of combustion products may cause headaches, chronic tiredness or muscular weakness. High concentrations or long-term exposure may be fatal. Normal resuscitation methods and medical advice should be sought for those suffering from these effects. 

Botulism is a disease caused by ingestion of foods contaminated with Clostridium botulinum (food-borne botulism) or, very rarely, by wound infection (wound botulism) or colonization of the intestinal tract with Clostridium botulinum (infant botulism). The toxins block the release of acetylcholine. Botulism is characterized by generalized muscular weakness, which first affects eye and throat muscles and later extends to all skeletal muscles. Flaccid paralysis can lead to respiratory failure. 

B Risk for Injury related to muscular weakness, rigidity, or spasms due to drug overdose... 

D Risk for Injury related to adverse drug effects (muscular weakness)... 

This is another group of diseases characterized by abnormalities in muscle fiber excitability. They are all periodic in the sense that periods of normal behavior are interspersed with periods of abnormally depressed excitability. During these latter phases, which may last for anything from a few hours to several days, there is a characteristic muscular weakness. The conditions are usually subdivided on the basis of serum levels during paralytic episodes, and are thus described as hyperkalemic, normokalemic, or hypokalemic. 

Camitine deficiency can occur particularly in the newborn—and especially in preterm infants—owing to inadequate biosynthesis or renal leakage. Losses can also occur in hemodialysis. This suggests a vitamin-fike dietary requirement for carnitine in some individuals. Symptoms of deficiency include hypoglycemia, which is a consequence of impaired fatty acid oxidation and hpid accumulation with muscular weakness. Treatment is by oral supplementation with carnitine. 

Tay-Sachs disease Hexosaminidase A Cer—Gic—Gal(NeuAc)-i-GalNAc GM2Gangiioside Mental retardation, blindness, muscular weakness. 

Symptoms of intoxication in humans caused by accidental ingestion of Kou-Wen plants have been described as follows. The effect on the digestive system starts with loss of appetite and turn of the stomach, and continues to severe abdominal pain and intestinal bleeding. The effect on the respiratory system presents as breathing difficulties which finally lead to death by respiratory failure. The effect on muscle innervation usually results in generalized muscular weakness and paralysis of the limbs. The effect on the circulatory system starts with heartbeat disorders and a drop in blood pressure, but heart failure is not a common cause of death. In addition to dilation of pupils, a drop in body temperature and proliferation of white blood cells have also been obseryed (70). 

A 27- year-old male with a three-year history of AIDS complains of progressive blurring of vision for two days. Eye examination reveals evidence of retinitis consistent with cytomegalic virus inclusion disease. Intravenous treatment is started, and within five days the patient complains of muscular weakness and cramping. Blood chemistries show a creatinine of. 5.2 mEq/L and a Ca of 6.9 mEq/L. 

Feeding of 160 mg triethyltin hydroxide/kg diet for 15 weeks was not fatal, but caused muscular weakness and some diet avoidance (Stoner etal. 1955) Acute oral LD50 of tricyclohexyltin hydroxide varies between 255 and 390 mg/kg BW dietary levels of 20 mg/kg had no measurable effect on growth, survival, or reproduction (Zuckerman etal. 1978)... 

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