Adenine/adenosine

A nucleoside consists of a purine or pyrimidine base linked to a pentose, either D-ribose to form a ribonucleo-side or 2-deoxy-D-ribose to form a deoxyribonucleoside. Three major purine bases and their corresponding ribo-nucleosides are adenine/adenosine, guanine/guanosine and hypoxanthine/inosine. The three major pyrimidines and their corresponding ribonucleosides are cytosine/ cytodine, uracil/uradine and thymine/thymidine. A nucleotide such as ATP (Fig. 17-1) is a phosphate or polyphosphate ester of a nucleoside. 

Adenine Adenosine-5 -phosphate (AMP) Deoxyadenosine-5 -phosphate (dAMP)... 

Adenine Adenosine Adenylic acid Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)... 

Both forms of phosphorylase are inhibited by glucose or glucose-6-phosphate. Glucose inhibits by binding at the catalytic site while glucose-6-phosphate binds at the same allosteric site as AMP and ATP. A separate inhibitory allosteric site binds adenine, adenosine, or (much more weakly) AMP. 

Figure 16.1 The structure of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The lower ring is a ribose sugar, the upper molecule is the base, adenine. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) differs from ATP by having two phosphate groups attached instead of three.

Figure 1 Influence of pH on migration times of purine compounds. Conditions capillary, 44 cm (37 cm to detector) x 75 pm i.d. buffer, 20 mM borate voltage, 20 kV temperature, 37°C detection, UV, 254 nm. Key = adenine, + = adenosine, = guanine, x=guanosine, = hypoxanthine, A=xanthine, X = uric acid. (Reprinted from Ref. 1 3 with permission of Elsevier Science Publishers.)...

Recently the interaction of arenediazonium ions with some purine bases, nucleosides and nucleotides was investigated Adenine, adenosine and 5 -adenylic... 

Evaluate[ acetaldehyde,acetate,acetoacetate,acetoacetylcoA,acetone,acetylcoA, acetylphos,aconitatecis,adenine,adenosine,adenosinephosphosulfate,adp,alanine,... 

Reaction of chloroacetaldehyde with adenine, adenosine as well as its nucleotides (see Section 7.1.1.3.7.) results in the formation of the so-called etheno compounds eAde, eA, eAMP, etc. These fused purine derivatives exhibit intensive fluorescence ethenoadenosine, for example, shows an emission maximum at 415 nm (excitation 310 nm) in aqueous solution (pH 7) with a quantum yield of 0.56 (life time 20 nsec).All adenine derivatives have similar fluorescence properties the nucleotide analogs show considerable substrate activities with different kinases. 

The reducibility of adenine is not substantially influenced when it is bound in dinucleotides [80]. The half-wave potential becomes more negative in the series deoxyadenosine monophosphate (dAMP) adenine < adenosine < deoxyadenosine < adenosine monophosphate < adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The difference in E n between AMP and adenine is only 25 mV. 

Subsequently, Krampitz (50b) reported that pyruvic, phenylpyruvic, or oxalacetic acid can replace a-ketoglutaric acid in the amination system to form alanine, phenylalanine, and aspartic acid, respectively. Urea could be replaced with nicotinamide, adenine, adenosine, AMP, ADP, ATP, polyadenylic acid, RNA, DNA, and ammonium salts. 

The nucleotide anhydride, adenosine 5 -triphosphate (24), when digested with aqueous barium hydroxide, gives a complex mixture containing such products as adenine, adenosine, adenosine 2 -, 3 -, and 5 -phosphates, adenosine 5 -pyrophosphate, and adenosine 2 (or 3 ),5 -diphosphate. - In addition, a nucleotide was foimd in this digest whose structure proved - to be that of adenosine 3 5 -cyclic phosphate (25). This component did not consume metaperiodate, and was degraded enzymically to adenosine 5 -phosphate (26) and adenosine 3 -phosphate (27), without the formation of adenosine 2 -phosphate. Hydrolysis of (25) with an acidic ion-exchange resin did, however, produce the 2 - and 3 -phosphates of adenosine. Compound (25) possessed only one phosphoryl dissociation, and showed a ratio of nucleoside to phosphate of 1 1, which, along with a molecular-... 

The stoichiometry of the platinum-base complex depends on the Pt base ratio and also on the pH. For instance, it has been shown that the aia-diaquo species reacts with adenine, adenosine and AMP to give 1 1, 1 2 and 2 1 (Pt base) complexes. Similar results have been observed for the trans isomer except that the 1 2 complexes with adenosine and AMP were not formed (40). The diaquo and dichloro species of cis- and trans-DDP bind to GMP and dGMP to give 1 1 and 1 2 complexes as shown by raman spectroscopy (41) and NMR (42). Cis-[Pt(NH3)2(H20)2] forms a 1 2 complex with cytidine or uridine at acid pH whereas under neutral conditions the 1 1 complex is formed (43). It also reacts with GpG and GpC forming a bidentate complex with the two bases (44). 

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