Sugar phosphates adenosine triphosphate

In vivo 3iP NMR and P magnetic resonance imaging are also important applications of this nucleus. 3ip signals from inorganic phosphate, adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, creatine phosphate, and sugar phosphates can be observed in whole-cell preparations, intact tissues, and whole bodies and can provide information on the viability of the cells and tumour localization. Low sensitivity continues to be a problem in widespread application of these techniques. Additional details can be found in several of the entries in the Eurther reading section. 

Fig. 3-2 Chemical diagram of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). The three functional groups are the base adenosine (upper right), a five-carbon ribose sugar (middle), and three molecules of phosphate (left). Lines at bottom of sugar ring indicate hydroxyl groups.

Adenosine Triphosphate Adenosine 5 -(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter. [NIH]... 

ATP Regarded as Store House of Energy Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in a nucleotide consists of purine base adenine, a pentose sugar ribose and three molecules of phosphate. It contains two oxygen to phosphorus bonds between two phosphate units. These phosphorus bonds are called high energy phosphatic bonds. 

Figure 16.1 The structure of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The lower ring is a ribose sugar, the upper molecule is the base, adenine. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) differs from ATP by having two phosphate groups attached instead of three.

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) contains the base adenine, the sugar ribose, and three phosphate groups joined to each other by two anhydride bonds. 

Each nucleotide contains a nitrogenous base (in this case, adenine), a pentose sugar (ribose), and one or more phosphates. This nucleotide is adenosine triphosphate. 

There is another pnrine derivative of crucial biochemical importance - adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This substance is a carrier of energy, for when a phosphate link is broken, a large amount of energy is released. Note some trivial nomenclature the moieties produced by linking one of the heterocyclic bases to a ribose or 2 -deoxyribose sugar, are known as nucleosides (e.g. adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, thymidine). A nncleotide is a 5 -phosphate (or di- or tri-phosphate) of a nucleoside - ATP is a nucleotide. 

Scheme 22 The whole biosynthetic pathway of sugar nucleotides. ATP, adenosine triphosphate Gal-1 -P, galactose-1-phosphate UTP, uridine triphosphate UDP, uridine diphosphate NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Fru, fructose AcCoA, acetyl coenzyme-A PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate CTP, cytidine triphosphate NADP, nicotinamide adenine dinucieotide phosphate GTP, guanosine triphosphate.

Kinases are enzymes that transfer a phosphate group from adenosine triphosphate (ATP), or other trinucleotide, to a number of biological substrates, such as sugars or proteins. They are part of a larger family of enzymes known as group transferases, but are limited to phosphate transfers. A typical reaction catalyzed by a kinase (e.g., hexokinase) is the phosphorylation of glucose upon its entry into a cell... 

Adenosine triphosphate, as can be seen from Figure 2.1, is formed from the nucleotide adenine, the sugar ribose and three phosphate units. Having three phosphate units in line is energetically unfavourable... 

Nucleic acids store genetic information. They are polymers whose building blocks (monomers) are the nucleotides, themselves made of three parts—a heterocyclic base, a sugar, and a phosphate ester. In the example below, adenine is the base (shown in black), adenosine is the nucleoside (base and sugar), and the nucleotide is the whole molecule (base + sugar + phosphate). This nucleotide is called AMP—adenosine monophosphate. Phosphates are key compounds in nature because they form useful stable linkages between molecules and can also be built up into reactive molecules by simply multiplying the number of phosphate residues. The most important of these nucleotides is also one of the most important molecules in nature— adenosine triphosphate or ATP. 

Industrial Application of Adenosine 5 -Triphosphate Regeneration to Synthesis of Sugar Phosphates... 

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