Additives dietary fiber

Vi cup unpeeled mango chunks (peel optional include for additional dietary fiber)... 

Most bulk food ingredients, eg, flour, fats and oils, and nutritive sweeteners (qv) such as sugar (qv), are excluded from the food additive category. In a few cases, substances that are used in relatively large quantities, eg, dietary fiber (qv) and bulking agents, are included herein because these have been the focus of market and technology developments. 

Dietary fibers are used in several food categories, including breakfast cereals, pasta, snack foods, and baked goods, as well as some pharmaceutical categories such as enteral nutritionals, bulk laxatives, and diet beverage mixes (31). The common dietary fiber additives and their sources are given (32). 

The variation ia water solubiUty among polysaccharides results ia varied physiological roles. Plant ceU-waH polysaccharides and lignin provide iasoluble dietary fiber (IDF) nondigestible storage polysaccharides, some pectic polysaccharides, and most of the functional additives contribute soluble dietary fiber (SDF). 

Nutrient analysis of stabilized rice bran and its derivatives indicates that it is a good source of protein, dietary fiber and carbohydrates, in addition to several valuable phytonutrients, antioxidants, vitamins and minerals (Table 17.1). SRB and its water-soluble and water-insoluble derivatives contain all the nutrients at different levels. They are gluten and lactose free and do not give rise to any food allergy. 

Therapeutic lifestyle changes should be the first approach tried in all patients (Table 9—7).3 An adequate trial of TLC should be employed in all patients, but pharmacotherapy should be instituted concurrently in higher-risk patients. This includes dietary restrictions of cholesterol and saturated fats as well as regular exercise and weight reduction. In addition, therapeutic options to enhance LDL cholesterol lowering such as consumption of plant stanols/sterols (which competitively inhibit incorporation of cholesterol into micelles) and dietary fiber should be encouraged. These therapeutic options collectively may reduce LDL cholesterol by 20% to 25%. 

Fruits and vegetables are generally high in water and low in fat, and, in addition to vitamins and minerals, they contain significant amounts of dietary fiber (DF) and phytochemicals—mainly polyphenols and carotenoids—with significant biological properties, including antioxidant activity. 

The basis for treatment and prevention of constipation should consist of bulk-forming agents in addition to dietary modifications that increase dietary fiber. 

Spiced Layer Cake. Investigation was undertaken to evaluate navy bean hulls as an alternative source of dietary fiber in spice-flavored layer cakes and to compare hull flour from beans with no heat treatment to hull flour from beans roasted for 2 min at 240°C. Results of the objective analyses performed on both the batter and the cakes indicated that the addition of 15% navy bean hulls resulted in a thicker batter, due to the high water absorbancy of the hulls however, only the batter containing the unroasted hulls was significantly more viscous than the control batter. Cakes prepared with the roasted navy bean hulls tended to be slightly more... 

In addition to the walls of the parenchyma cells, the walls of the periderm (skin) cork cells form part of the total intake of dietary fiber and a waste product of potato processing for food as well as for starch. Although much is known about the suberin present in these cell walls (Bernards, 2002 Franke and Schreiber, 2007 Grafos and Santos, 2007), little is known about their polysaccharides (Harris et al., 1991). Nonetheless, because of the presence of suberin, these cell walls are able to adsorb hydrophobic dietary carcinogens and their intake may be important in the prevention of colorectal cancer (Harris et al., 1991 Ferguson and Harris, 1998, 2001). 

Total dietary fiber (TDF) content of potato dry matter is determined according to the AACC (2000) method 32-05 following the total dietary fiber assay procedure (Megazyme k-TDFR 01/05). This is a gravimetric method that is simpler and faster than other analysis methods. In addition to total dietary fiber content, both soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content can be determined by this method. 

Sea animals are rich in soluble dietary fibers, proteins, minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, phytochemicals, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, with low caloric value. Polysaccharides from marine animals have been reported to possess biological activities with potential medicinal values in addition to their current status as a source of dietary fibers and prebiotics. Moreover, they have a lot of dietary fiber, which lowers blood cholesterol, and iodine, which improves metabolism, vascular and cardiac action, body temperature, and perspiration regulation, and are effective in... 

Bile salts secreted into the intestine are efficiently reabsorbed (greater than 95 percent) and reused. The mixture of primary and secondary bile acids and bile salts is absorbed primarily in the ileum. They are actively transported from the intestinal mucosal cells into the portal blood, and are efficiently removed by the liver parenchymal cells. [Note Bile acids are hydrophobic and require a carrier in the portal blood. Albumin carries them in a noncovalent complex, just as it transports fatty acids in blood (see p. 179).] The liver converts both primary and secondary bile acids into bile salts by conjugation with glycine or taurine, and secretes them into the bile. The continuous process of secretion of bile salts into the bile, their passage through the duodenum where some are converted to bile acids, and their subsequent return to the liver as a mixture of bile acids and salts is termed the enterohepatic circulation (see Figure 18.11). Between 15 and 30 g of bile salts are secreted from the liver into the duodenum each day, yet only about 0.5 g is lost daily in the feces. Approximately 0.5 g per day is synthesized from cholesterol in the liver to replace the lost bile acids. Bile acid sequestrants, such as cholestyramine,2 bind bile acids in the gut, prevent their reabsorption, and so promote their excretion. They are used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia because the removal of bile acids relieves the inhibition on bile acid synthesis in the liver, thereby diverting additional cholesterol into that pathway. [Note Dietary fiber also binds bile acids and increases their excretion.]... 

Moreover, DCQAs (1,5-, 3,4- and 4,5-DCQAs), with antioxidative activity, have been isolated from the leaves of garland (Chrysanthemum coronarium L.) [113], The garland Chrysanthemum coronarium L.) has been regarded as a health food in East Asia because the edible portions, such as leaf and stem, contain abundant -carotene, iron potassium, calcium, and dietary fiber. In addition to these common nutrients, some compounds responsible for the chemoprevention of cancers and other diseases are thought to be contained in garland. The antioxidative activity of DCQAs has been assayed by the decay curves of P-carotene. The antioxidative ability of 1 pg/ml these compounds are nearly equal to that of 0.1 pg/ml 3-/er/-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA). 

Lignin [9005-53-2] - [CHEMURGY] (Vol 5) -as dietary fiber [DIETARY FIBER] (Vol 8) -as food additive pOOD ADDITIVES] (Vol 11) -as fuel pUELS FROM WASTE] (Vol 12) -removal by bleaching pLEACHING AGENTS - PULP AND PAPER] (Vol 4) -m whiskey pEVERAGE SPIRITS DISTILLED] (Vol 4)... 

Seaweed [FOOD ADDITIVES] (Vol 11) agarose from [ELECTROSEPARATIONS - ELECTROPHORESIS] (Vol 9) gums from [GUMS] (Vol 12) mineral nutrients source [MINERAL NUTRIENTS] (Vol 16) plant growth regulators fiom [GROWTH REGULATIONS - PLANT] (Vol 12) source ofdietary fiber [DIETARY FIBER] (Vol 8)... 

In addition, the process increased the nutritional and dietary fiber content of the final product. 

Epidemiologic studies indicate that diets high in total fat and saturated fat and low in certain fibers are associated with an increased risk for colon cancer. In addition, certain dietary fibers and cruciferous vegetables have been associated with a reduced risk in several populations consuming the diets high in total fat. 

In the 1980s, several beet companies developed edible fiber from beet pulp to take advantage of interest in the health benefits of dietary fiber.65 The fiber has a high waterholding capacity and other interesting properties, but the market has remained small and specialized, with uses as a fiber additive in both human and pet food. 

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