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Parenchyma cells

Upon maturation of both softwoods and hardwoods, the parenchyma cells at the core die. This portion of the wood is called heartwood and often contains polyphenols, davones, and other colored compounds that do not occur in the contrasting sapwood. A clear, visual distinction usually exists between heartwood and sapwood, depending on the species. Heartwood compounds, eg, dihydro quercetin (taxifofin,... [Pg.247]

Fig 4 FTIR spectra of walls of DCB-adapted and non-adapted tomato suspension cells, onion parenchyma cell walls, and polygalacturonic acid (Sigma), a = ester peak, b = free acid stretches from pectins, y axis is absorbance, X axis is wavenumber (frequency inverse). [Pg.96]

The Fourier Trairsform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum obtained from non-adapted tomato cell walls is very similar to that from the onion parenchyma cell wall (both contain cellulose, xyloglucan and pectin) although there is more protein in the tomato walls (amide stretches at 1550 and 1650 cm-i) (Fig 4). In DCB-adapted tomato cell walls, the spectrum more closely resembles that of either purified pectins or of a commercial polygalacturonic acid sample from Sigma with peaks in common at 1140, 1095, 1070, 1015 and 950 cm-t in the carbohydrate region of the spectrum as well as the free acid stretches at 1600 and 1414 cm-i and an ester peak at 1725 cm-k An ester band at 1740 cm-i is evident in both onion parenchyma and non-adapted tomato cell wall samples. It is possible that this shift in the ester peak simply reflects the different local molecular environment of this bond, but it is also possible that a different ester is made in the DCB-adapted cell walls, as phenolic esters absorb around 1720 cm-i whilst carboxylic esters absorb at 1740 cm-k The... [Pg.96]

As ToF-SIMS also allows the mapping of the chemical species inside the sample, distributions of the different extractives in the cross-section of the wood are evaluated. They show clearly that hinokinin is predominantly localized in parenchyma cells other extractives are distributed randomly in both parenchyma and tracheid cells (Figure 15.8c). This could be very helpful in understanding the heartwood formation mechanism. [Pg.445]

Transfer cells Specialized parenchyma cells, plasmalemma greatly extended, irregular extensions of cell wall into protoplasm Transfer dissolved substances between adjacent cells, presence is correlated with internal solute flux... [Pg.25]

Chlorenchyma Parenchyma cells containing chloroplasts Photosynthesis... [Pg.25]

Isolation and Characterization of Endoplasmic Reticulum from Mulberry Cortical Parenchyma Cells... [Pg.159]

It is known that ER changes from flattened cistemae to small vesicles during seasonal cold acclimation in mulberry cortical parenchyma cells... [Pg.159]

To identify the specialized features of the ER, we isolated the ER from mulberry cortical parenchyma cells every month from August to June. In this chapter, we described the method of isolation of ER from mulberry cortical parenchyma cells. At the end of this chapter, we show the results of our characterization of the protein component in ER during cold acclimation in mulberry cortical parenchyma cells. [Pg.160]

The microsome fractions see Fig. 1) that were prepared from mulberry cortical parenchyma cells were fractionated to 24 or 25 fractions using the 15-50% sucrose linear density gradient centrifugation see Fig. 2). Profiles of the marker enzymes and the protein content are described in Fig. 3. In general, the antimycin A-insensitive cytochrome c reductase activity is exhibited at a lower density than are those of the marker enzymes. The fraction that exhibited the highest antimycin A-insensitive cytochrome c reductase activity for each month was used as the ER-enriched fraction. [Pg.168]

Fig. 1. Flow chart for isolation of endoplasmic reticulum from mulberry cortical parenchyma cells. All procedures are performed at 4°C. Centrifugation times are given as the time at full speed, not included the acceleration and braking time. Resuspension of the microsomal fraction pellet is accomplished using a Teflon/ glass homogenizer. Fig. 1. Flow chart for isolation of endoplasmic reticulum from mulberry cortical parenchyma cells. All procedures are performed at 4°C. Centrifugation times are given as the time at full speed, not included the acceleration and braking time. Resuspension of the microsomal fraction pellet is accomplished using a Teflon/ glass homogenizer.
Fig. 3. Distribution ofvarious membrane markers (ER, tonoplast, Golgi complex, and mitochondrion) in the fractions of linear sucrose density gradient fractionation of mulberry cortical parenchyma cells in February. Fig. 3. Distribution ofvarious membrane markers (ER, tonoplast, Golgi complex, and mitochondrion) in the fractions of linear sucrose density gradient fractionation of mulberry cortical parenchyma cells in February.
Fig. 4. Localization of WAP27 and WAP20 in the crude microsome fractions and the relation with marker-enzyme activities in three organelles (ER, tonoplast, and Golgi). SDS-PAGE of fractionated proteins by isopycnic linear sucrose density gradient centrifugation of microsome fraction of mulberry cortical parenchyma cells was performed using 6-pL samples in each fraction. Immunoblot analysis was performed with anti-WAP27 and anti-WAP20 antibodies. (From ref. [1], with permission from the American Society of Plant Physiologists.)... Fig. 4. Localization of WAP27 and WAP20 in the crude microsome fractions and the relation with marker-enzyme activities in three organelles (ER, tonoplast, and Golgi). SDS-PAGE of fractionated proteins by isopycnic linear sucrose density gradient centrifugation of microsome fraction of mulberry cortical parenchyma cells was performed using 6-pL samples in each fraction. Immunoblot analysis was performed with anti-WAP27 and anti-WAP20 antibodies. (From ref. [1], with permission from the American Society of Plant Physiologists.)...
Niki T, Sakai A Ultrastructural changes related to frost hardiness in the cortical parenchyma cells from mulberry twigs. Plant Cell Physiol 1981 22 171-183. [Pg.172]

Fujikawa S, Takabe K. Formation of multiplex lamellae by equilibrium slow freezing of cortical parenchyma cells of mulberry and its possible relationship to freezing tolerance. Protoplasma 1996 190 189-203. [Pg.172]

Ukaji N, Kuwabara C, Takezawa D, Arakawa K, Yoshida S, Fujikawa S. Accumulation of small heat shock protein homologs in the endoplasmic reticulum of cortical parenchyma cells in mulberry in association with seasonal cold acclimation. Plant Physiol 1999 120 481-490. [Pg.172]

Cucurbit seeds are exalbuminous or lacking endosperm in the mature state. In such seeds the embryo is large in relation to the seed as a whole. It fills the seed almost completely and its body parts, particularly the cotyledons, store the food reserves for germination. Since the predominant tissue of the seed is cotyledonous, and since cotyledons are leaves, anatomy and histology of typical leaf tissue suffice to describe the preponderant part of the seed. Epidermal cells cover the cotyledonary surface followed by palisade and abundant parenchyma cells that contain the food reserves. Vascular tissues are also present. [Pg.253]

The basic structure of all wood and woody biomass consists of cellnlose, hemicelluloses, lignin and extractives. Their relative composition is shown in Table 2.4. Softwoods and hardwoods differ greatly in wood stmctnie and composition. Hardwoods contain a greater fraction of vessels and parenchyma cells. Hardwoods have a higher proportion of cellulose, hemicelluloses and extractives than softwoods, but softwoods have a higher proportion of lignin. Hardwoods ate denser than softwoods. [Pg.49]

When the fleck is examined closely, the lesion can be associated with contiguous stomata in the upper surface. Often, the first visible symptom of ozone toxicity is the death of the palisade parenchyma cells that line the cavities directly beneath the upper stomata. In the case of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) or tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and perhaps other plants, the upper stomata lie in patterns of arcs or circles, while the lower stomata are scattered randomly and regularly across the epidermis. [Pg.77]

The bulk of potato tubers is made up of parenchyma cells that have thin, non-lignified, primary cell walls (Reeve et al., 1971 Bush et al, 1999, 2001 Parker et al., 2001). Unless stated to the contrary, potato cell walls refers to parenchyma cell walls. These walls and their component polysaccharides are important for a number of reasons they form part of the total intake of dietary fiber, influence the texture of cooked potato tubers and form much of the waste pulp that is produced in large amounts by the potato starch industry when starch is isolated. The pulp is usually used as cattle feed, but potentially could be processed in a variety of ways to increase its value (Mayer, 1998). For example, the whole cell-wall residues could be used as afood ingredient to alter food texture and to increase its dietary-fiber content, or cell-wall polysaccharides could be extracted and used in a similar way or for various industrial applications (Turquois et al., 1999 Dufresne et al, 2000 Harris and Smith, 2006 Kaack et al., 2006). [Pg.63]

In addition to the walls of the parenchyma cells, the walls of the periderm (skin) cork cells form part of the total intake of dietary fiber and a waste product of potato processing for food as well as for starch. Although much is known about the suberin present in these cell walls (Bernards, 2002 Franke and Schreiber, 2007 Grafos and Santos, 2007), little is known about their polysaccharides (Harris et al., 1991). Nonetheless, because of the presence of suberin, these cell walls are able to adsorb hydrophobic dietary carcinogens and their intake may be important in the prevention of colorectal cancer (Harris et al., 1991 Ferguson and Harris, 1998, 2001). [Pg.63]

Examination of moist, isolated potato cell walls using atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed the cellulose microfibrils as an interwoven network (Kirby et al., 1996,2006). Although accurate height measurements of cellulose microfibrils have not been obtained using AFM on potato cell walls, they have on similar parenchyma cell-wall preparations from onion (Allium cepa) and Arabidopsis thaliana (Davies and Harris, 2003). These studies showed that the microfibrils were 4-6 nm in diameter, and reduced to 3.2 nm (A. thaliana) when extracted to remove some of the non-cellulosic polysaccharides. [Pg.64]

Parker, C. C., Parker, M. L., Smith, A. C., Waldron, K. W. (2001). Pectin distribution at the surface of potato parenchyma cells in relation to cell-cell adhesion. J. Agric. Food Chem., 49, 4364 371. [Pg.79]

Thimm, J. C., Burritt, D. J., Sims, I. M., Newman, R. H., Ducker, W. A., Melton, L. D. (2002). Celery (Apium graveolens) parenchyma cell walls cell walls with minimal xyloglucan. Physiol Plant., 116, 164-171. [Pg.80]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.69 ]




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