Polysaccharides storage

De La Corte F D, Valberg S J, MacLeay J M et al 1999a Glucose uptake in horses with polysaccharide storage myopathy. American Journal of Veterinary Research 60 458-462... 

Valentine B A 1999 Polysaccharide storage myopathy in draft and draft-related horses and ponies. Equine Practice 21 16-19... 

It has been estimated that >90% of the carbohydrate mass in nature is in the form of polysaccharides. In living organisms, carbohydrates play important roles. In terms of mass, the greatest amounts by far are stmctural components and food reserve materials, in that order and both in plants. However, carbohydrate molecules also serve as stmctural and energy storage substances in animals and serve a variety of other essential roles in both plants and animals. 

The variation ia water solubiUty among polysaccharides results ia varied physiological roles. Plant ceU-waH polysaccharides and lignin provide iasoluble dietary fiber (IDF) nondigestible storage polysaccharides, some pectic polysaccharides, and most of the functional additives contribute soluble dietary fiber (SDF). 

Storage polysaccharides are an important carbohydrate form in plants and animals. It seems likely that organisms store carbohydrates in the form of polysaccharides rather than as monosaccharides to lower the osmotic pressure of the sugar reserves. Because osmotic pressures depend only on numbers of molecules, the osmotic pressure is greatly reduced by formation of a few polysaccharide molecules out of thousands (or even millions) of monosaccharide units. 

The structural polysaccharides have properties that are dramatically different from those of the storage polysaccharides, even though the compositions of these two classes are similar. The structural polysaccharide cellulose is the most... 

Di-D-fructose dianhydrides have also been isolated" from commercial chicory, which is used as an additive for coffee or in coffee substitutes. Chicory is obtained by roasting the roots of chicory (Cichorium sp.), a member of the Compositae, which contains inulin (in its roots) as a storage polysaccharide. 

The rheological behavior of storage XGs was characterized by steady and dynamic shear rheometry [104,266]. Tamarind seed XG [266] showed a marked dependence of zero-shear viscosity on concentration in the semi-dilute region, which was similar to that of other stiff neutral polysaccharides, and ascribed to hyper-entanglements. In a later paper [292], the flow properties of XGs from different plant species, namely, suspension-cultured tobacco cells, apple pomace, and tamarind seed, were compared. The three XGs differed in composition and structural features (as mentioned in the former section) and... 

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