Fiber additives

Abnormal initiation of electrical impulses occurs as a result of abnormal automaticity. If the automaticity of the SA node increases, this results in an increased rate of generation of impulses and a rapid heart rate (sinus tachycardia). If other cardiac fibers become abnormally automatic, such that the rate of initiation of spontaneous impulses exceeds that of the SA node, other types of tachyarrhythmias may occur. Many cardiac fibers possess the capability for automaticity, including the atrial tissue, the AV node, the Purkinje fibers, and the ventricular tissue. In addition, fibers with the capability of initiating and conducting electrical impulses are present in the pulmonary veins. Abnormal atrial automaticity may result in premature atrial contractions or may precipitate atrial tachycardia or atrial fibrillation (AF) abnormal AV nodal automaticity may result in junctional tachycardia (the AV node is also sometimes referred to as the AV junction). Abnormal automaticity in the ventricles may result in ventricular premature depolarizations (VPDs) or may precipitate ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF). In addition, abnormal automaticity originating from the pulmonary veins is a precipitant of AF. 

Preparations of carbon fibers are similar to those of GC, with two important exceptions caused by the small fiber diameter. Fibers are mounted quite differently from GC, particularly for in vivo applications that require a small overall electrode diameter. In addition, fibers can experience much higher current densities during electrochemical pretreatment, which can qualitatively alter ECP effects. 

Approximately, 1.6 billion tons of Portland cements are produced worldwide annually with an estimated 5% generation of the C02 emission. Global cement and concrete additives (fiber and chemical additives) demand is forecast to grow 6.3% annually through 2006, driven by construction and by higher standards for concrete that require more additives per ton [4],... 

Composite Lubricant Additive Fiber Weave Composition (volume % after molding) Density (g cm 25°C)... 

PEN exhibits a very rapid crystallization rate and its Tg is difficult to detect by simply heating the quenched sample. Since the crystallization rate of PEN is much faster than that of PET, its processing cycle time can be shortened. Eecause of its facile processability, PEN can be molded by either injection or extrusion into electrical, electronic, and machine parts. PEN exhibits excellent mechanical strength, heat resistance, dimensional stability, resistance to chemical, acid and alkaline and impermeability to gasoline and gasohol. Therefore, it is particularly suited for making into automobile parts that come in contact with fuel, oil, and combustion gas. In addition, fiber reinforced PEN for high temperature and humidity circumstances has been reported. ... 

Carboxymethyl 0.5-1.2 H2O Food additives, fibers, coatings, oil-well drilling muds, paper size, paints, detergents... 

WorldeAdd 311 WorldeAdd 312 finish additive, fiber SF1318... 

In addition, fibers are classified according to their origin into natural and man-made fibers. Natural fibers can come from vegetable, animal, or mineral sources. Man-made fibers include regenerated and completely synthesized fibers. 

In addition, fibers are classified according to application into textile and industrial fibers (see also Section 12.3.6). Textile fibers are used for yarn, weaves, knitted fabrics, etc., and industrial fibers are used for filter cloths, ropes, etc. 

Mathur RB, Gupta G, Bahl OP, Dhami TL, Infrared spectral studies of preoxidized PAN fibers incorporated with cuprous chloride additive. Fiber Sci Technol, 20, 277, 1984. 

For the improvement of the performance of the biocomposite different alternatives exist including fiber modification, matrix modification, and coupling agent addition. Fiber modification may concern alterations on the physical and chemical properties by causing changes in the surface, chemical composition, and moisture uptake behavior of the plant fiber [26]. Research studies on physical and chemical treatments of agroresidual fibers are listed in Table 11.1. 

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