Beet pulp

Fibers and Fiber Sources. Fibers are present ia varyiag amounts ia food iagredients and are also added separately (see Dietary fiber). Some fibers, including beet pulp, apple pomace, citms pulp, wheat bran, com bran, and celluloses are added to improve droppiags (feces) form by providing a matrix that absorbs water. Some calorie-controUed foods iaclude fibers, such as peanut hulls, to provide gastroiatestinal bulk and reduce food iatake. Peanut hulls normally have a high level of aflatoxias. They must be assayed for aflatoxia and levels restricted to prevent food rejection and undesirable effects of mycotoxias. 

As energy costs have escalated in recent years, the use of high moisture food by-products in commercial animal feeds has also escalated, particularly in beef cattie and dairy rations, as a means of reducing production costs. Because of the broad activity spectmm, sorbates are extremely effective in the preservation of wet by-products, eg, brewers and distillers grains, beet pulp, citms pulp, and condensed whey (139). 

Improvements in pulp pressing technology have enabled manufacturers to reduce the moisture content of pressed pulp from 80% (moisture-to-sohds ratio 4 1) to 75% (3 1 ratio), which has reduced the drying requirements by one-fourth. Beet pulp is much mote difficult to press than most vegetable products, but there are indications that moisture in the mid-60% (ratios <2 1) range may be achievable with properly designed equipment. 

Other Insoluble Fiber Sources. Other iasoluble fiber sources are commercially avaUable as weU, including fiber from sugar-beet pulp, a by-product of sugar productioa. Table 3 Usts other iasoluble fiber sources. 

Fuller s earth, oil filter, spent 60-65 5 Sugar-beet pulp, dry 12-15 5... 

Glass batch 90-100 D285 Sugar-beet pulp, wet 25-45 5... 

Riiben-harzsaure, /. resin acid of beets, -melasse,/. beet molasses, beetroot molasses, -pottasche, /. potash from beet molasses, -pulpe, /. beet pulp, -rohzucker, m. raw beet sugar. -saft, m. beet(root) juice, -samen, m. turnip, rape-, beet, or carrot seed, -schlempe, /. beet vinasse. -schnitzel, m. beet chip, beet slice, -sirup, m. beet sirup, beetroot sirup, -spiritus, m. beet spirit (from beet molasses), -stecher, m. beet sampler. 

The preparation of arabinose from various plant products has been repeatedly described in the literature. The most important sources are cherry gum,2 beet pulp,3 and as has recently been shown by the present authors, mesquite gum. The chief advantages of the preparation from mesquite gum are that the material is readily available in large amounts, the process is simple, and the yield comparatively large. The present procedure is a modification of the original method of Anderson and Sands. 

Potential resources of xylans are by-products produced in forestry and the pulp and paper industries (forest chips, wood meal and shavings), where GX and AGX comprise 25-35% of the biomass as well as annual crops (straw, stalks, husk, hulls, bran, etc.), which consist of 25-50% AX, AGX, GAX, and CHX [4]. New results were reported for xylans isolated from flax fiber [16,68], abaca fiber [69], wheat straw [70,71], sugar beet pulp [21,72], sugarcane bagasse [73], rice straw [74], wheat bran [35,75], and jute bast fiber [18]. Recently, about 39% hemicelluloses were extracted from vetiver grasses [76]. 

The discovery of these enzymes enables a better structural characterisation of the hairy (ramified) regions of pectin, as already demonstrated by Schols et al. (1990b) and also of native plant cell wall pectin (Schols et al., 1995). In this study we show how the two exo-enzymes of the above described series, the RG-rhamnohydrolase and the RG-galacturonohydrolase, can be used as tools in the characterisation of unknown RG fragments. These unknown fragments were the products of RG-hydrolase or RG-lyase action toward linear RG oligomers (RGO s), which were produced by acid hydrolysis of sugar beet pulp. 

Sugar beet pulp was saponified and then hydrolysed with 0.1 N HCl at 80 °C for 72 h. Linear RG oligomers of DP 6 to 18, abbreviated RGO 6 to 18, were isolated by ion-exchange chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography by Renard et al. (1995). 

Renard CMGC, Thibault J-F, Mutter M, Schols HA, Voragen AGJ (1996) Some preliminary results on the action of rhamnogalacturonase on rhamnogalacturonan oligosaccharides from beet pulp. Int J Biol Macromol in press... 

Extrusion-cooking of cell-wall rich products (e.g. wheat bran, apple pomace, citrus peels, sugar-beet pulp, pea hulls.) led to an important solubilisation of polysaccharides of various types without extensive degradation of the polymeric structure. The possibility of obtaining gelled systems directly with the extruded pectin-rich materials was demonstrated. 

Many plant products are very rich in cell wall materials. Cereal brans, seed hulls, various pulps (including beet pulp), citrus peels, apple pomace... are typical exemples of such by-products (1,2). They can be used after simple treatments as dietary fibres, functional fibres or bulking agents, depending on the nutritional claims (2). They can be used also eis sources of some polysaccharides. 

Indeed, apple pomace, beet pulp or citrus peels contain pectins (3). Chemicals, enzymes, microorganisms, or physical treatments can be used for thextraction (4). 

Extrusion-cooking increased very significantly the water-solubility of plant cell wall rich-materials. High amounts of pectins can be solubilised from sugar-beet pulp, citrus peels or apple pomace. 

To improve production of rhamnogalacturonase by Aspergillus aculeatus CBS 115.80 shake flask ejqjeriments were performed on several substrates. Cross reactivity was found after transfer to thamnose in combination with galacturonic acid and on apple pectin, citrus pectin, beet pectin and sugar beet pulp. No cross reactivity was found after transfer to meda containing simple carbon sources such as sucrose, glucose, fiuctose, rhamnose or galacturonic acid. 

Autoclave extraction of sugar beet pulp yields gel-forming pectic hairy regions... 

Wet beet pulp (campaign 1991) was obtained, after sugar extraction, from CSM Suiker bv (Breda, the Netherlands). After two consecutive HjO washings of the beet pulp (40°C, 30 min) pectic polysaccharides were obtained by an autoclave treatment (two times,... 

Composition of the second extract obtained by consecutive autoclave treatment of beet pulp... 

To date, the structural features of pectic polysaccharides and plant cell walls have been studied extensively using chemical analysis and enzymatic degradation. In addition, research on isolation and physicochemical characterisation of pectin from citrus peels, apple peels, sunflower head residues and sugar beet pulp has been reported (2). However, the pectic polysaccharides extracted from wheat straw have only previously been reported by Przeszlakowska (3). The author extracted 0.44% pectic substances from Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. 

Enzymic release of ferulic acid from sugar beet pulp using a specific esterase from Aspergillus niger... 

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