From gums

Benzoic acid had been known for several hundred years by the time of Mitscher lich s experiment Many trees exude resinous materials called balsams when cuts are made m their bark Some of these balsams are very fragrant which once made them highly prized articles of commerce especially when the trees that produced them could be found only m exotic faraway lands Gum benzoin is a balsam obtained from a tree that grows m Java and Sumatra Benzoin is a word derived from the Erench equivalent benjoin which in turn comes from the Arabic luban jawi meaning incense from Java Benzoic acid is itself odorless but can easily be isolated from gum benzoin... 

Eatty acid soap was first used for ESBR. Its scarcity prompted the investigation of rosin acids from gum and wood as substitutes (1). The discovery of the disproportionation of rosin allowed rosin acid soaps to overcome the polymerization inhibition of untreated rosin acids. Rosin acid soaps gave the added benefit of tack to the finished polymer. In the 1990s, both fatty acid and rosin acid soaps, mainly derived from tall oil, are used in ESBR. 

Benzoic acid [65-85-0] C H COOH, the simplest member of the aromatic carboxyHc acid family, was first described in 1618 by a French physician, but it was not until 1832 that its stmcture was deterrnined by Wn b1er and Liebig. In the nineteenth century benzoic acid was used extensively as a medicinal substance and was prepared from gum benzoin. Benzoic acid was first produced synthetically by the hydrolysis of benzotrichloride. Various other processes such as the nitric acid oxidation of toluene were used until the 1930s when the decarboxylation of phthaUc acid became the dominant commercial process. During World War II in Germany the batchwise Hquid-phase air oxidation of toluene became an important process. 

The resin acids found in rosins are generally of the abietic- and pimaric-type. Rosins of various pine species differ in their content of abietic vs. pimaric-type acids. Rosins from species exhibiting high abietic-type acid compositions are preferred for production of rosin derivatives. However, the differences in properties of rosins are often associated with their non-resin acid content instead of their chemical compositions. On the other hand, the compositions of rosins from different sources greatly differ [22]. Table 8 shows a typical distribution of resin acids in rosins obtained from gum, tall oil and wood sources. 

A surface coating protects the substrate against abrasion, moisture, light, and corrosion. The binder for the pigment and extenders is fluid before application and rigid soon after. Natural binders range from gum arable to fish oil. The first varnishes were solutions of natural resins, having transparency, hardness, amorphous structure, and little permanence. 

The contents of the vessel are clean fluids, free from gumming or clogging matter, so that accumulation in the space between the valve inlet and the rupture disk (or in any other outlet drat may be provided) will not clog the outlet. 

FIGURE 42-1. Anatomy of the adrenal gland. (Reprinted, with permission, from Gums JG, Tovar JM. Adrenal gland disorders. In DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, et al, (eds.) Pharmacotherapy A Pathophysiologic Approach. New York McGraw-Hill 2005 1391-1406.)... 

Assess for signs of bleeding, i ncluding bleeding at injection or surgical sites or from gums, blood in stool, ecchymosis, hematuria, and petechiae... 

Bleeding from gums, puncture sites, or wounds hematuria fever G1 and rectal bleeding... 

Monitor for thrombocytopenia (bleeding from gums, tarry stool, petechiae, small subcutaneous hemorrhages)... 

Is an indigenous drug obtained from gum guggul used for treatment of hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. 

Adverse effects include bleeding, alopecia (reversible), bleeding from gums, unexplained bruising, osteoporosis and rarely hypersensitivity, thrombocytopenia and hyperkalemia. 

The most commonly reported physical properties of radiation cross-linked natural rubber and compounds made from it are modulus and tensile strength, obtained from stress-strain measurements. Figure 5.5 illustrates some of the results obtained from gum rubber and from a natural rubber compound reinforced by HAF carbon black. In Figure 5.6 the tensile strength of radiation cured gum is compared to that of vulcanizates cured by sulfur and by peroxide. ... 

Commiphora myrrha Engler Mo Yao (Myrrh) (stem) From gum resin, essential oils including myrcene, alpha-camphorene, Z-guggulsterol, guggulsterol, makulor, cembrene 33 Stimulate blood flow, relieve pain, promote tissue regeneration. 

GurnouuT states that neither arabin nor bassorin are present in gum-tragacanth, but that it is composed of on organised gelatmiform matter, very diverse, both chemically and physically, from gum-arabic, and which swells and divides in water, so as partially to traverse a filter. The same chemist considers the insoluble portion of tragacanth to be a compound of starch and lignin, and to have, in no respect, the same properties with bassorin. 

Seaweed [FOOD ADDITIVES] (Vol 11) agarose from [ELECTROSEPARATIONS - ELECTROPHORESIS] (Vol 9) gums from [GUMS] (Vol 12) mineral nutrients source [MINERAL NUTRIENTS] (Vol 16) plant growth regulators fiom [GROWTH REGULATIONS - PLANT] (Vol 12) source ofdietary fiber [DIETARY FIBER] (Vol 8)... 

Despite indications (from analytical data) that a monomethyl ether of a uronic acid occurs in the hydrolyzates of several polysaccharides, definite evidence for the presence of 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid did not appear until 1948, when White found it in mesquite-gum hydroly-zate.14 Confirmation of its presence therein has since13 appeared, and it has also been found in the hydrolyzates from gum myrrh,6 aspen wood,14 and Eucalyptus regnans wood.16... 

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