Acid alkanolamides

Hlkanolamides. The fatty acid alkanolamides are used widely ia shampoo formulations as viscosity and lather builders. They are formed by the condensation of a fatty acid with a primary or secondary alkanolamine. The early amides were compositions of 2 1 alkanolamine to fatty acid. Available technology allows the formation of amides with a 1 1 ratio of these additives. These amides are classified as superamide types. The typical amide used ia shampoo preparations usually contains the mono- or diethanolamine adduct, eg, lauric diethanolamide [120-40-1] (see Amides, fatty acid). 

Many different types of foaming agents are used, but nonionic surfactants are the most common, eg, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, fatty acid alkanolamides, fatty amine oxides, nonylphenol ethoxylates, and octylphenol ethoxylates, to name a few (see Alkylphenols). Anionic surfactants can be used, but with caution, due to potential complexing with cationic polymers commonly used in mousses. 

Mining. Numerous patents have advocated the use of alkanolamines in mining appHcations. Triethanolarnine has been used as a depressent in the flotation of copper (164), in the electrotwinning of gold (165), and as an aid in the froth flotation of nickel ores. Phosphate ore flotation has been improved through the use of a fatty acid condensate with ethanolamine (166). Beneficiation of tin ore has been accompHshed using fatty acid alkanolamides (167). 

Sulfated Acids, Amides, and Esters. Reaction with sulfuric acid may be carried out on fatty acids, alkanolamides, and short-chain esters of fatty acids. The disodium salt of sulfated oleic acid is a textile additive and an effective lime soap dispersant. A typical sulfated alkanolamide stmcture is CiiH23C0NHCH2CH20S03Na. Others include the sulfates of mono and diethanolamides of fatty acids in the detergent range. The presence of... 

APG, alkyl polyglucoside FAA, fatty acid alkanolamide FAEO, fatty alcohol ethoxylate FAES, fatty alcohol ether sulfate FAGA, fatty acid glucamide FAS, fatty alcohol sulfate LAS, linear alkylbenzenesulfonate SAS, secondary alkanesulfonate. 

These are two chemically different groups of products which have distinct application fields. Both product groups are obtained by reacting maleic acid anhydride (MA) with hydroxyl group(s)-carrying molecules, followed by sulfation of the intermediate product, an ester. Whereas the diester types are mainly made from a few different branched and unbranched alcohols, the monoester are derived from a wide variety of raw materials fatty alcohols, fatty acid alkanolamides, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, fatty acid alkanolamides, their etho-xylates, and others. All these raw materials—with the exception of the branched chains—may be obtained from natural renewable resources. 

Early oxidation hair dyes were used in solution form these have been replaced by cream- or gel-based formulas. The oil-in-water emulsions commonly used can be supplemented with auxiliary ingredients, such as polymers to improve combing ability, as well as other conditioning additives. Extensive patent literature is available on this point [35], Gel formulations may be based on alcoholic solutions of nonionic surfactants or fatty acid alkanolamide solutions, which form a gel when mixed with the oxidant. The type (emulsion or gel) and the basic composition of the preparation strongly influence dyeing [47], Different base formulations with the same dye content yield varying color depths and shading due to the distribution of the dye between the different phases of the product, interaction with surfactants, and diffusion from the product into the hair. 

Condensates of ethylene oxides with an amide. Fatty acid alkanolamides are amides of alkylolamines and fatty acids. Certain members of this class exhibit detergency and others do not. The nondetergent materials are converted into detergents by condensation with ethylene oxide. 

Fatty acids alkanolamides find only a little application in laundry detergents. They are used as foam booting, that is, adding desired stability to the foam produced by detergents. Small amounts of these materials as cosurfactants are capable of enhancing the soil removal... 

U.S. 4,554,098 (1985) Klisch et al. (Colgate-Palmolive) Alkyl ether sulfate, nonsoap anonionic, zwitterionic, and alkanoic acid alkanolamide Reduced skin irritation good cleaning and foaming... 

Ablumide. [Taiwan Surf.] Fatty acid alkanolamide foam stabilizer, thickener for cosmetics, liq. detergents. 

Arrriterge. [Arol ( em. Prods.] Fatty acid alkanolamides/phosphate ester blend detergent, eiruilsifier, wetting agent. 

Hartamide. [Hart Chem. Ltd.] Fatty acid alkanolamides couiding agent detergent foam and emulsion stabilizer, vise, regulator, lubricant antistat for doeigents and cosmetics. 

IconoL [BASF] Ethoxylated ethers or fatty acid alkanolamides detergent, emulsifier, foam stabilizer, lubricant penetrant dispersant finishing agent... 

Inhibitor. [Zschimmer Schwarz] Fatty acid alkanolamide anticorrosion additive for metal cleaning and metal working lubricant in drilling and cutting oils. 

Marlamid . [HOls Am. Hfils AG] FatQr acid alkanolamides foam stabilizer, thickener, superfatting agent pearles-cent for household, personal, industrial detergents. 

Monamid . [M< ia Industries] 1 1 Super fatty acid alkanolamides foam booster/stabilizer, vise, builder, solubilizer, coupler, wetting agent far personal care, household, and industrial cleaners. 

Monamine. [Mona Industries] 2 1 Fatty acid alkanolamides foam booster and stabilizer, emulsifier, detergent wetting agent corrosion inhibitor, vise, builder, lubricant dispersant for cosmetics, household and industrial cleaners, textiles, agric. sprays, leather and fur pr aradons. 

Nissan Stafoam. [Nippon Oils ft Fats] Fatty acid alkanolamide thickener detergent foam stabilizer for cosmetics, textiles, detergents. 

Purton. (Zschimmer Schwarz] Fat acid alkanolamide foam stabilizer, thickener, superiatting i ent for cosmetics, cleaners. 

Rewomid . [Rewo GmbH] Fat acid alkanolamide detergent, foam booster/ stabilizer, emulsifier, thickener, lubricant, superfatting agent, conosion inhibitor for cosmetics, metalwoiking, detergent systems. 

Stafoam. INvpon Oils Fats] Fatty acid alkanolamides detergent, foam bister and stabilizer, softener, antistat, rust inhibitor, penetrant for shanqtoo, cosmetics, dishwashing, laundty d rgent, dtydeaning, textile softener aux., and metal cleaning. 

Synoquart [AquatecQidmicaSA] Fat acid alkanolamides detergent, wetting agent, thickener, foam booster/stabi-lizer, siqjerfatdng agent for cosmetic and household pi. ... 

Synotol. [Aquatec Quimica SA] Fatty acid alkanolamides or amine oxides foam stabilizer, thickener, superfatting agent for cosmetic and household ixeps. 

Upamide. [UPI] Fatty acid alkanolamide or ethoxylated fatty amides. 

Mazamide . [PPG/Specialty Chem.] Fatty acid alkanolamides emulsifier, det ent, solubilizer, diit ener, lubricant, foam builder/stabilizer used in hard surface cleaners, dishwashes, met-alwodcing fluids, fibv and hair conditioners, dry cleaning, agric. sfuays, leatiiers, fur, polishes conosirm inhibitor. 

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