Detergents agents

The capacity of expensive sterile and virus filters is usually increased through prefiltration. Typically 0.1 p,m-rated membranes are used for prefiltration before virus filtration. Sterile filters are protected by depth filters or 0.45 p,m membranes. Some virus inactivation operations such as solvent detergent exposure also require prefiltration for the removal of particulates that can shield vimses from the inactivating effects of solvent detergent agents. 

Detergent agent the best detergent species are the most alkaline ones (i.e., the oligomers and the monomers). 

Uses Surfactant, thickener, detergency agent, emulsifier, hydrotrope for industrial... 

Uses SurfactanL thickener, detergent agent, emulsifier, hydrotrope for Industrial applies., household cleaning prods., mild detergents, food hygiene cleaners, fiber processing, paper softeners... 

Polyphosphates are used as detergents (calgon) but disposal of the residual phosphate causes major problems Phosphates are of importance as flame-proofing agents. See also phosphorus. 

The surface-active agents (surfactants) responsible for wetting, flotation and detergency exhibit rather special and interesting properties characteristic of what are called association colloids or, in the older literature, colloidal electrolytes. These properties play an important role in determining, at least indirectly, the detergency of a given surfactant and are therefore considered here... 

A wide class of aiyl-based quaternary surfactants derives from heterocycles such as pyridine and quinoline. The Aralkyl pyridinium halides are easily synthesized from alkyl halides, and the paraquat family, based upon the 4, 4 -bipyridine species, provides many interesting surface active species widely studied in electron donor-acceptor processes. Cationic surfactants are not particularly useful as cleansing agents, but they play a widespread role as charge control (antistatic) agents in detergency and in many coating and thin film related products. 

Emulsifying agents which are soaps or detergents play a central role in the emulsion polymerization process. 

Polyester fibers have exceUent resistance to soap, detergent, bleach, and other oxidiziag agents. PET fibers are generally iasoluble ia organic solvents, including cleaning fluids, but are soluble ia some phenoHc compounds, eg, (9-chlorophenol. 

Initially, fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) were used exclusively in textile finishing the detergent and paper industries followed thereafter. These products are also used in fiber spinning masses, plastics, and paints. 

Table 5. Fluorescent Whitening Agents in the Detergent Industry...

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