Acetate , solubility

Extractable concentrations of sediment-bound zinc were positively correlated with zinc concentrations in deposit feeding clams (Luoma and Bryan 1979). Availability of sediment zinc to bivalve molluscs was higher at increased sediment concentrations of amorphous inorganic oxides or humic substances, and lower at increased concentrations of organic carbon and ammonium acetate-soluble manganese. Zinc uptake by euryhaline organisms was enhanced at low water salinity (Luoma and Bryan 1979). 

See also Cellulose acetate solubility in selected solvents, 5 417t... 

Measurements of aqueous solubility and partition coefficient between cellulose acetate and water were compared for thirty disperse dyes and an approximate inverse relationship was postulated [60]. This can only be valid to a limited extent, however, because the partition ratio also depends on the saturation solubility of the dye in cellulose acetate. This property varies from dye to dye and is not directly related to aqueous solubility. The solubilities of four dyes in a range of solvents were compared with their saturation values on cellulose acetate. Solubilities in benzene showed no significant correlation. With the other solvents the degree of correlation increased in the order ethanol < ethyl acetate < 20% aqueous diethylene glycol diacetate (CH3COOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCOCH3). The last-named compound was suggested as a model with polar groups similar to those in cellulose acetate [86]. 

Cuscutic resinoside A (1 tetradecanoic acid, (115)-[[6-deoxy-3-(9-(6-deoxy-a-L-mannopyranosyl)-4-0-[(2/ ,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-niethyl-l-oxobutyl]-a-L-nianno-pyranosyl]oxy]-intramol. l,2 -ester) was obtained from the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of a methanol extract prepared from the seeds of Cuscuta chinensis Lam. The purification of this compound employed a combination of column and preparative-scale HPLC. The structure was deduced from spectroscopic evidence and acid hydrolysis 14). The degradative process gave convolvuUnolic acid, nilic acid, and L-rhamnose. The sugar components were identified by GC analysis after being converted to their thiazolidine derivatives. This disaccharide has a unique macrocyclic lactone, which is placed between C-1 and C-2 of the first rhamnose moiety. 

First, the effects of aerobic and anaerobic culture conditions on toxaphene degradation were studied with washed P. putida cells grown on camphor and incubated with no readily usable carbon source. The radioactivities remaining in water after extraction with n-hexane were used as an indicator of metabolic activity. This was further extracted with ethyl acetate after acidification to divide this "total polar metabolites" fraction into aqueous buffer phase and ethyl acetate phase, i.e., the total polar metabolites reported refer to summation of the aqueous buffer and ethyl acetate soluble phases (Table 4). All radioactivities have been corrected by zero time controls and autoclaved 8 hr controls are included in each experiment. 

Also in the C-toxaphene cultures (Table 4), the large proportion, if not all, of the radioactivities reported as total polar metabolites. were found as ethyl acetate soluble radioactivities in contrast to the C1-toxaphene cultures, where the radioactivities were partitioned between the aqueous buffer and ethyL acetate, phases in approximately a 2.5 1 ratio, respectively. When the and C1 percentage values in Table 4 from similarly incubated (aerobic or anaerobic) cultures were added, it became apparent that anaerobic cultures were slightly more active in degrading toxaphene than aerobic cultures. However, the above results clearly indicate that at least a portion of toxaphene metabolism by P. putida involves oxidative degradation. 

Cattell, D. J. and H. E. Nursten. Fractionation and chemistry of ethyl acetate-soluble thearubigins from black tea. Phytochemistry 1976 15 1967-1970. 

NITRATES—SOLUBLE—WITHOUT EXCEPTIONS. ACETATES—SOLUBLE—WITHOUT EXCEPTIONS. CHLORIDES—SOLUBLE—EXCEPT Ag, Hg (MERCUROUS), AND Pb. 

Calculated from the data reported by D. Hardin and S. Sikorsky (46) for a compound having [Mfjf + 11.99 (neat) m) Benzene insoluble, decalin soluble fraction n) Ethyl acetate soluble fraction p) For the optical purity of the models see Tables 9 and 15 q) Referred to one monomeric unit r) In xylene solution. 

M3+ Precipitation pH for hydroxide from Cior NOi" SO Acetate Solubility product (2 Bp) for hydroxide pptd. from Cior NO SOj Acetate Solubility of hydroxide pptd. from ClOr NOa SOj Acetate ... 

Liquefaction of inertinites is not always as poor as the name would imply. Table III shows some conversion data taken from Ref. (91), where conversion is defined as ethyl acetate solubles plus gases. The low reflecting Australian fusinites and seini-fusinites are reactive compared to the Illinois samples. This has been confirmed by a recent study on Australian inertinites (93) where it has been found that at higher temperatures (450 C) up to 54% of the inertinite was calculated to be converted. This difference between the Australian and North American inertinites has also been observed in carbonization reactions (94). 

A solution of one part of kanamycin B-3 -phosphate, 10 parts by volume of bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide, 2 parts by volume of trimethylchlorosilane and 0.4 part of triphenylphosphine is heated at 115°C for 30 h. After cooling, the reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure, and to the concentrate is added 100 parts by volume of methanol and 50 parts by volume of water, and then the mixture is stirred for 1 h. Methanol is removed by distillation, and ethyl acetate-soluble portion is removed. The water layer is run onto a column of 60 parts by volume of cation-exchange resin [Amberlite CG-50, NH4+-form], The column is washed with 200 parts by volume of water, and fractionated by linear gradient method with 600 parts by volume of water and 600 parts by volume of 0.5 N-aqueous ammonia, each fraction being 10... 

Separation of extremely complex mixtures of radiolabeled metabolites in natural products generally requires the use of more than one chromatographic step. The sequence in which the steps are carried out is furthermore crucial to a satisfactory result, and is itself dependent upon the initial prechromatographic separations (7j. We might, for example, expect that our initial biological system had been extracted to give three fractions, any or all of which might contain radioactivity non-polar (hexane-soluble), moderately polar (ethyl acetate-soluble), and very polar (alcohol/water soluble). 

Insoluble Ethyl acetate soluble (Fraction R) (Fraction EAS)... 

Figure 5. High-performance size exclusion chromatograms of pine sawdust pyrolysis oils and fractions of acids, phenols, and neutrals contained in the ethyl acetate soluble oil.

Soluble in water and ethyl acetate soluble 1 in 350 of ethanol practically insoluble in chloroform and ether. 

Figure 3. The hioavailability of zinc (Zurinm/Zuscdiment) to Macoma balthica as related to the ratio of hijdroxylamine—soluble iron/ammonium acetate-soluble manganese in oxidized sediments of San Francisco Bay (r = 0.77).

Figure 6. Zinc concentrations in Scrobicularia plana from southwest England as related to (a, above) ammonium acetate-soluble Zinc in sediments from southwest England (r = 0.62) (h, top right) the product of ammonium acetate-soluble zinc and the ratio of humic substance concentrations (H) (absorbance in a IN ammonia extract) to total organic carbon (C) (r = 0.82) and (c, bottom right) the product of (ZnAmAc) X (H/C) X (Muoxai) whcrc Muoxai = oxalate soluble manganese where present at concentrations > 350 ixg/g (r = 0.84).

Luoma and Jenne ( ) used less involved methodology to show some correlation between extractable nuclide concentrations and the uptake by Macoma of Zn, Cd, Co and Ag from laboratory-prepared sediments. A close correlation between ammonium acetate-solubility and Zn uptake was observed. In natiire, ammonium acetate also reflected the bioavailability of Zn to Scrobicularia in the estuaries of southwest England better than did other extractants. The correlation was not sufficiently strong to have predictive value, however, and within the narrower range of Zn concentrations in San Francisco Bay no correlation was observed. The exchangeability of Zn, implied by ammonium acetate extraction, may influence the availability of the metal, but it is not the only factor determining uptake. 

The correlations indicated that the availability of Zn to the bivalves increased -when concentrations of either amorphous inorganic oxides or humic substances increased in sediments. Availability -was reduced at increased concentrations of organic carbon and, in San Francisco Bay, ammonium acetate-soluble Mn. Concentrations of biologically available Zn in solution and lo-w salinities may also have enhanced Zn uptake, although the roles of these variables -were less obvious from the statistical analysis. 

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