England southwest

Many waters from mountainous uplands such as Wales, Scotland, Yorkshire, or the moors of southwest England are surface mnoff and have not percolated through mineral strata. They are low in minerals generally, and hardness and alkalinity in particular, though even there the hardness... 

Bryan, G.W., Gibbs, P.E., Hummerstone, L.G., and Burt, G.R. (1986). The decline of the gastropod Nucella lapillus around Southwest England—Evidence for the effect of tributyl-tin from antifouling paints. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 66, 611-640. 

Alderton, D.H.M., Pearce, J.A. and Potts, J. (1980) Rare earth element mobility during granite alteration evidence from southwest England. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 49, 149-165. 

Roberts MS, Smart PL, Hawkesworth CJ, Perkins WT, Pearee NJP (1999). Trace element variations in coeval Holocene speleothems from GB Cave, southwest England. The Holocene 9 138-139 Robinson LF, Henderson GM, Slowey NC (2002) U-Th dating of marine isotope stage 7 in Bahamas slope sediments. Earth Planet Sci Lett 196 175-187... 

The range of radon decay-product concentrations found in houses in southwest England spans three orders of magnitude. A few dwellings have been found where levels exceed 0.6 WL. It is clear that there are likely to be an appreciable number of houses in this region with indoor concentrations higher than 120 mWL. In 1982, the Department of the Environment identified two local authorities in the county of Cornwall that were willing to lend council property to test... 

Cleary, J.J. and A.R.D. Stebbing. 1985. Organotin and total tin in coastal waters of southwest England. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 16 350-355. 

Bryan, G.W., P.E. Gibbs, L.G. Hummerstone, and G.R. Burt. 1987. Copper, zinc, and organotin as long-term factors governing the distribution of organisms in the Fal estuary in southwest England. Estuaries 10 208-219. 

Willis-Richards, J. and Jackson, N.J. (1989) Evolution of the Cornubian Ore Field, Southwest England part I. Batholith modeling and ore distribution. Economic Geology, 84, 1078-1100. 

Figure 2. Histograms showing the percent distribution of (a) zinc, (b) acetic acid-soluble iron (c) organic carbon, and (d) acetic acid-soluble manganese among sediment samples collected from southwest England (n = 40) and San Francisco Bay (n = 28). Concentrations on dry weight basis.

Correlation coefficients describing the relationship between the concentration of Zn extracted from sediments and the concentration of Zn observed in Macoma (San Francisco Bay) and Scrobicularia (Southwest England). 

Southwest England. The effects of sedimentary variables on Zn concentrations in Scrobicularia were initially tested by multiple regression. Values of the F-statistic were calculated to determine the level of significance at which sedimentary variables explained Zn levels in the clam (Table VI). Several different regression equations were calculated to compare the different methods of extracting Zn, I4n and Fe. The multiple regression analyses employed only the 29 stations at which seaweed was found. 

Figure 6. Zinc concentrations in Scrobicularia plana from southwest England as related to (a, above) ammonium acetate-soluble Zinc in sediments from southwest England (r = 0.62) (h, top right) the product of ammonium acetate-soluble zinc and the ratio of humic substance concentrations (H) (absorbance in a IN ammonia extract) to total organic carbon (C) (r = 0.82) and (c, bottom right) the product of (ZnAmAc) X (H/C) X (Muoxai) whcrc Muoxai = oxalate soluble manganese where present at concentrations > 350 ixg/g (r = 0.84).

Luoma and Jenne ( ) used less involved methodology to show some correlation between extractable nuclide concentrations and the uptake by Macoma of Zn, Cd, Co and Ag from laboratory-prepared sediments. A close correlation between ammonium acetate-solubility and Zn uptake was observed. In natiire, ammonium acetate also reflected the bioavailability of Zn to Scrobicularia in the estuaries of southwest England better than did other extractants. The correlation was not sufficiently strong to have predictive value, however, and within the narrower range of Zn concentrations in San Francisco Bay no correlation was observed. The exchangeability of Zn, implied by ammonium acetate extraction, may influence the availability of the metal, but it is not the only factor determining uptake. 

To directly assess the effect of Zn partitioning in sediments on uptake, we have assumed partitioning, and, in response, availability will change with changes in the concentrations of substrates which bind Zn. Despite this obvious oversimplification we have found ratios of sedimentary substrate concentrations that explain a very large proportion of the variance in either the bioavailability or the concentration of Zn in two species of bivalves. We have reported similar results for lead (33) Although the ratios of substrates which predicted Zn uptake differed between southwest England and San Francisco Bay, most of those differences were consistent with chemical... 

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