Cellulose acetate butyrate solubility

Cellulose acetate butyrates with high butyryl content and low viscosity are soluble in inexpensive lacquer solvents. They are widely used in lacquers for protective and decorative coatings appHed to automobiles and wood furniture. 

An alcohol-soluble cellulose acetate butyrate containing ca 50% butyryl and ca 4.5% hydroxyls available commercially. 

Zentner and coworkers [24,26] utilized this information in their development of a system that releases this drug over a 24 hr period. The use of NaCl to modulate the release of diltiazem presents an interesting problem in that the concentration of the solubility modifier must be maintained within certain limits and below its saturation solubility within the device. To solve this problem, core formulations were developed that contained both free and encapsulated NaCl. The encapsulated NaCl was prepared by placing a microporous coating of cellulose acetate butyrate containing 20 wt% sorbitol onto sieved NaCl crystals. The coated granules released NaCl over 12-14 hr period via an osmotic mechanism into either water or the core tablet formulation. The in vitro release profile for tablets (core I devices) containing 360 mg of diltiazem HC1 and 100 mg of NaCl equally divided between the immediate release and controlled release fractions... 

Cellulose acetate-butyrate, as 19% soln in acetone Dibutyl Phthalate Dye(soluble in organic solvents)... 

Several different film-forming polymeric binders were used, including polar, water-soluble materials (PVA, poly(vinyl alcohol)) and organic materials of lower polarity (CAB, cellulose acetate/butyrate, and Elvamide , a polyamide polymer). Figure 6 illustrates the optical spectra obtained for films in CAB binder in the visible region. Note that substantial differences are obtained depending on the nature of the activator. 

Carboxylated polyesters were prepared by extending hydroxyl-terminated polyester segments with dianhydrides. Carboxylated polyesters which were soluble in common lacquer solvents were effective in improving the adhesion of coatings on a variety of substrates when 1-10% was blended with cellulose acetate butyrate, poly(vinyl chloride), poly(methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, bisphenol polycarbonates, and other soluble polymers. 

Practically all cellulose acetate manufactured at the present time is the acetone-soluble product, ranging from 37% to 41% acetyl content. Cellulose mixed esters now produced in quantity include cellulose acetate propionate of 33% propionyl content, cellulose acetate butyrate of 16% butyryl content, both of which are used largely for protective coatings and films, and cellulose acetate butyrate of 36% butyryl content used for plastics. 

Practiced with cellulose is acylation to the extent that the molecules are soluble in organic solvents. The product is often thermoplastic. These products include cellulose triacetate, cellulose 2,3-diacetate (acetate rayon), cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate phthalate, and cellulose acetate propionate. 

The cellulose acetate propionates are Intermediate in properties between the cellulose acetates and the cellulose acetate butyrates, resembling the cellulose acetate butyrates in solubility and compatibility. Like the acetates, the propionates have practically no odor and thus can be used in applications where low odor is a requirement. These properties make the propionates especially useful in inks, overprints, plastic, and paper coatings, and various reprographic processes. CAP-482-0.5 requires moderately strong solvents to effect solution (Table VI). 

Cellulose acetate-butyrate (CAB) has several advantages in properties over cellulose acetate lower moisture absorption, greater solubility and compatibility with plasticizer, higher impact strength, and excellent dimensional stability. CAB used in plastics has about 13% acetyl and 37% butyryl content. It is an excellent injection-molding material (Tenite Butyrate by Kodak, Cellidor B by Bayer). 

Cellulose butyrate contains the bulkier butyryl group these esters are more compatible and soluble than acetates, but are too soft for most coating applications. Cellulose esterified with blends of alkyl groups can provide many intermediate properties needed in coatings. Selection of the appropriate cellulose acetate butyrate [9004-36-8] (CAB) and cellulose acetate propionate [9004-39-f] (CAP) content must be based on specific application requirements. 

Cellulose acetate butyrate is beneficial in radiation-curing systems. CAB 551-0.01 with its high butyryl content and low viscosity is soluble in many vinyl monomers... 

Figure 4.1.3. The solubility volume for cellulose acetate butyrate in terms of one-component solubility parameter, 5, dipole moment, U, and (on vertical axis) the spectroscopic parameter, y, from the approach developed by Crowley et.al. [Adapted, by permission, from J.D. Crowley, G.S. Teague and J.W. Lowe, J. Paint Technol, 38, 269 (1966)]...

Modified cellulose of commercial significance involves primarily the cellulose esters and ethers. The cellulose esters include cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose acetate-butyrate, cellulose nitrate. Cellulose ethers include ethyl cellulose as a melt, processable-grade and water-soluble derivatives. Historically, it was accepted that cellulose derivatives that had a degree of substitution above 1.0 were not biodegradable [18-20]. However, cellulose acetate has been found to be biodegradable in both aerobic compost and anaerobic bioreactor environments [21-23]. The potential for additional, biodegradable, cellulose derivatives is currently being explored. 

Natural and synthetic rubber and synthetic resins are soluble in organic solvents resulting in cements, resin solutions, or lacquers. In addition, there are many cellulose derivatives, such as nitrocellulose, ethyl cellulose, and cellulose acetate butyrate, used in preparing solvent-based adhesives. Solvent-hased adhesives are also prepared from cyclized rubber, polyamide, and polyisobutylene. Low-molecular-weight polyurethane and epoxy compounds can be used with or without solvent. On the other hand, high-molecular-weight types or prepolymers require solvent to make application possible. 

Butyric acid (n-butyric acid, butanoic acid, ethylacetic acid, and propylformic acid), n CH3(CH2)2C00H. a water soluble liquid with a strong butter-rancid odor, used in the production of cellulose acetate butyrate. Derivatives of butyric acid are used... 

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