Solubility methyl acetate

Methyl acetate. An anhydrous product of 99 per cent, purity (b.p. 56-5-57°) i.s available coniniercially this is comparatively cheap so that purification of inferior products is not worth while. It is appreciably soluble in water (ca. 24 per cent, at 20°). The pure compound has b.p. 57°/760 mm. 

The functions of the potassium carbonate are (a) to neutralise the acetic acid arising from the action of the phosphoric acid upon the acetamide, and (6) to salt out the otherwise soluble methyl cyanide as an upper layer. 

Esters can participate m hydrogen bonds with substances that contain hydroxyl groups (water alcohols carboxylic acids) This confers some measure of water solubil ity on low molecular weight esters methyl acetate for example dissolves m water to the extent of 33 g/100 mL Water solubility decreases as the carbon content of the ester increases Fats and oils the glycerol esters of long chain carboxylic acids are practically insoluble m water... 

Structure of luciferin (Ohtsuka et al., 1976). The luciferin of Diplocardia longa is a colorless liquid, and fairly stable at room temperature. It is soluble in polar organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, and methyl acetate) but insoluble in nonpolar solvents like hexane and carbon tetrachloride. Based on the chemical properties and spectroscopic data, the following chemical structure was assigned to the luciferin. 

Another important factor in the hydrogenation of a,p-unsaturated acids was the solvent by increasing the polarity of the solvent used (n-hexane < toluene < methyl acetate < THF < methanol) a progressive decrease in ee was observed. This was probably due to the fact that H2 and the a,p-unsaturated acids were more soluble in the apolar solvents and also that CD was present in the open conformation, the enantioselective conformation (8). In fact, the highest conversion and ee were obtained with n-hexane (Figure 2). 

The ease with which dissolution of the acetylated products can be achieved is affected by the method of isolation. In the author s experience, drying of the acetate with alcohol and ether results in apparent insolubility (even though the product was soluble at one stage of the purification process), and should be avoided. Drying, under diminished pressure, of the product precipitated by petroleum ether is sufficient. Chloroform is probably the best solvent. Nitroethane, tetrachlorethane, 2,4-pentanedione, pyridine, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and benzene, which have also been suggested, have disadvantages in that either they are unstable or they may cause aggregation in solution.44,116 116... 

Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) is a colorless crystalline solid that is very sensitive to initiation by a primary explosive. It is a powerful secondary explosive that has a great shattering effect. It is used in commercial blasting caps, detonation cords, and boosters. PETN is not used in its pure form because it is too sensitive to friction and impact. It is usually mixed with plasticized nitrocellulose or with synthetic rubbers to form PBXs. The most common form of explosive composition containing PETN is Pentolite, a mixture of 20 to 50% PETN and TNT. PETN can be incorporated into gelatinous industrial explosives. The military has in most cases replaced PETN with RDX because RDX is more thermally stable and has a longer shelf life. PETN is insoluble in water, sparingly soluble in alcohol, ether, and benzene, and soluble in acetone and methyl acetate. 

For example, with the Co-I-PPh catalyst, methyl acetate reacts with synthesis gas to form ethyl acetate. All of the primary and secondary alcohols tested (C thru C ) decompose during long-term operation. The major decomposition products include aldehydes, alkyl iodides, and ethers. Ketones are readily hydrogenated and the resulting alcohols decompose. Good solvents in terms of stability are diphenyl ether and alkanes. The acetaldehyde rate is somewhat low (1.8 M/hr) in diphenyl ether, and the selectivity is low in alkanes. In addition, these solvents do not have good solubility properties, especially in product refining. 

Concurrent with acetic anhydride formation is the reduction of the metal-acyl species selectively to acetaldehyde. Unlike many other soluble metal catalysts (e.g. Co, Ru), no further reduction of the aldehyde to ethanol occurs. The mechanism of acetaldehyde formation in this process is likely identical to the conversion of alkyl halides to aldehydes with one additional carbon catalyzed by palladium (equation 14) (18). This reaction occurs with CO/H2 utilizing Pd(PPh )2Cl2 as a catalyst precursor. The suggested catalytic species is (PPh3)2 Pd(CO) (18). This reaction is likely occurring in the reductive carbonylation of methyl acetate, with methyl iodide (i.e. RX) being continuously generated. 

The melting point generally ascribed to the alpha form is 169.6°C, with decomposition occurring above 210°C. Upon heating, ammonium nitrate yields nitrous oxide (N20) gas and can be used as ail industrial source of that gas. Ammonium nitrate is soluble in H2O, slightly soluble in ethyl alcohol, moderately soluble in methyl alcohol, and soluble in acetic acid solutions containing NH3. 

Diphenyl diselenide di-p-carboxylic acid, Se2(C6H4.C02H)2, is formed in the usual way from -aminobenzoic acid. It melts at 314° to 315° C., is only sparingly soluble in acetic acid, but may be crystallised from methyl alcohol. The yield is poor. 

Note Highly polar solvent sweet, ethereal odor soluble in water flammable, burns with a luminous flame highly toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption miscible with water, methanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethers, acetamide solutions, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, ethylene chloride, and many unsaturated hydrocarbons immiscible with many saturated hydrocarbons (petroleum fractions) dissolves some inorganic salts such as silver nitrate, lithium nitrate, magnesium bromide incompatible with strong oxidants hydrolyzes in the presence of aqueous bases and strong aqueous acids. Synonyms methyl cyanide, acetic acid nitrile, cyanomethane, ethylnitrile. 

This section deals only with solvents whose reduction products are insoluble in the presence of lithium ions. The list includes open chain ethers such as diethyl ether, dimethoxy ethane, and other polyethers of the glyme family cyclic ethers such as THF, 2Me-THF, and 1,4-dioxane cyclic ketals such as 1,3-dioxolane and 1,3-dioxane, esters such as y-butyrolactone and methyl formate and alkyl carbonates such as PC, EC, DMC, and ethylmethyl carbonate. This list excludes the esters, ethyl and methyl acetates, and diethyl carbonate, whose reduction products are soluble in them (in spite of the presence of Li ions). Solutions of solvents such as acetonitrile and dimethyl formamide are also not included in this section for the same reasons. Figure 6 presents typical steady state voltammo-grams obtained with gold, platinum, and silver electrodes in Li salt solutions in which solvent reduction products are formed and precipitate at potentials above that of lithium metal deposition. These voltammograms are typical of the above-mentioned solvent groups and are characterized by the following features ... 

In the case of methyl acetate, there is no surface film formation, since the reduction product of MA, which is lithium acetate, is soluble in the parent solvent. 

PETN is very stable, insoluble in water, sparingly soluble in alcohol, ether, and benzene, and soluble in acetone and methyl acetate. 

Methyl acetate forms a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. It has a melting point of -98 Celsius, and a boiling point of 57 Celsius. It is soluble in water, and miscible with alcohol and ether. Methyl acetate is irritating to the nose and throat. Over exposure may cause headache, drowsiness, and skin contact may cause irritation. It can be prepared by distilling a mixture of methanol with acetic acid in the presence of a small amount of sulfuric acid. 

Figure 2. Solubility of calcium chloride in boiling methyl acetate-methanol...

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