Acetic acid solubility parameter

Polymer Solubility. The modified polymers were soluble in DMSO, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide and formic acid. They were insoluble in water, methanol and xylene. Above about 57% degree of substitution, the polymers were also soluble in butyrolactone and acetic acid. Solubility parameters were determined for each polymer by the titration procedure as described in the literature (65). The polymer was dissolved in DMSO and titrated with xylene for the low end of the solubility parameter and a second DMSO solution was titrated with water for the high end of the solubility parameter range. These solubility parameters and some other solubility data are summarized in Table II. 

For example, nylon 66 will dissolve in formic acid, glacial acetic acid, phenol and cresol, four solvents which not only have similar solubility parameters but also are capable of acting as proton donors whilst the carbonyl groups on the nylon act as proton acceptors (Figure 5.6). 

As pointed out earlier, acrylics differ from the commonly used rubber precursors for PSA formulation in the fact that they often incorporate polar monomers, such as acrylic acid, A-vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl acetate, or acrylamide. As a result, the solubility parameters of acrylic polymers are typically higher than those of rubbers, like polyisoprenes or polybutadienes. 

Table 1. Huggins parameters for a soluble MA-EDMA copolymer (before the gel point) and a linear PMA in acetic acid solutions at 299 K...

Recent studies have made it possible to classify water-organic solvent systems in CCC for separation of organic substances on the basis of the liquid-phase density difference, the solvent polarity, and other parameters from the point of view of stationary-phase retention in a CCC column [1,3-9]. Ito [1] classified some liquid systems as hydrophobic (such as heptane-water or chloroform-water), intermediate (chloroform-acetic acid-water and n-butanol-water) and hydrophilic (such as n-butanol-acetic acid-water) according to the hydrophobicity of the nonaqueous phase. Thirteen two-phase solvent systems were evaluated for relative polarity by using Reichardt s dye to measure solvachromatic shifts and using the solubility of index compounds [6]. 

Physical Parameters. It is obtained as prisms from a mixture of chloroform and petroleum ether (60-80°C) having mp 83°C. It has a strong odour of chlorine, and gets decomposed on exposure to air with loss of CI2 (mp 80°C). It is almost insoluble in water and decomposed by alcohol when warmed. 1 g Dissolves in about 1 ml benzene, 1 ml chloroform, 2.5 ml CCI4 soluble in eucalyptol, chlorinated paraffin hydrocarbons, glacial acetic acid and slightly soluble in petroleum ether. It contains 28-30% of active available chlorine. 

T.6.2.9 Physical Parameters. Resacetophenone is obtained as needles or leaflets having mp 145-147°C. It is gradually decomposed by water soluble in pyridine, warm ethanol, glacial acetic acid and almost insoluble in benzene, chloroform and ether. 

Physical Parameters. Cinnamic acid is obtained as monoclinic crystals having mp 133°C d 1.2475 bp 300°C K at 25° = 3.5 x 10 (ethanol) 273 nm. Its solubility profile is as follows 1 g dissolves in 2L water at 25°C (more soluble in hot water) in 6 ml ethanol 5 ml methanol 12 ml chloroform and almost freely soluble in benzene, ether, acetone, glacial acetic acid, carbon disulphide and oils. The alkali salts are observed to be soluble in water. 

Physical Parameters. Dimedone is obtained as needles from water and as prisms from ethanol + ether. It melts at 148-150°C (decomposes). It is monobasic in water, having dissociation constant pK (25°C) 5.15. Its dipole moment is 3.46. It is formd to be soluble in methanol, ethanol, benzene, chloroform, acetic acid, and in 50% ethanol-water mixture. 

They are only soluble in a few solvents (formic acid, glacial acetic acid, phenols and cresols), of similar high solubility parameter. Nylons are of exceptionally good resistance to hydrocarbons. Esters, alkyl halides, and glycols have little effect on them. Alcohols can swell the polymers and sometime dissolve some copolymers. Mineral acids attack the nylons but the rate of attack depends on the type of nylon and the nature and concentration of the acid. Nitric acid is generally active at all concentrations. The nylons have very good resistance to alkalis at room temperature. Resistance to all chemicals is more limited at elevated temperature (Brydson, 1989). 

An amorphous polymer, PMMA has a solubility parameter of about 18.8 MPaX and is soluble in a number of solvents with similar solubility parameters. Solvents include ethyl acetate (8 18.6 MPa)0, ethylene dichloride (8 20.0 MPa, trichloroethylene (8 19 MPaX), chloroform (8 19 MPa>0, and toluene (8 20 MPaX). The polymer is attacked by mineral acids but is resistant to alkalis, water and most aqueous inorganic salt solutions. A number of organic materials although not solvents may cause crazing and cracking (e.g. aliphatic alcohols). 

A solubility parameter of 24.5-24.7 MPa / [12.0-12.1 (cal/cm ) ] has been calculated for PVF using room temperature swelling data (52). The polymer lost solvent to evaporation more rapidly than free solvent alone when exposed to air. This was ascribed to reestablishment of favorable dipole-dipole interactions within the polymer. Infrared spectral shifts for poly(methyl methacrylate) in PVF have been interpreted as evidence of favorable acid-base interactions involving the H from CHF imits (53). This is consistent with the greater absorption of pyridine than of methyl acetate, despite a closer solubiUty parameter match with methyl acetate. 

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