Thiazolidine derivative

Formaldehyde from cigarette smoke is collected by trapping the smoke in a 1-L separatory funnel and extracting into an aqueous solution. To aid in its detection, cysteamine is included in the aqueous extracting solution, leading to the formation of a thiazolidine derivative. Samples are analyzed... 

Because of the structural requirements of the bielectrophile, fully aromatized heterocycles are usually not readily available by this procedure. The dithiocarbamate (159) reacted with oxalyl chloride to give the substituted thiazolidine-4,5-dione (160) (see Chapter 4.19), and the same reagent reacted with iV-alkylbenzamidine (161) at 100-140 °C to give the 1 -alkyl-2-phenylimidazole-4,5-dione (162) (see Chapter 4.08). Iminochlorides of oxalic acid also react with iV,iV-disubstituted thioureas in this case the 2-dialkylaminothiazolidine-2,4-dione bis-imides are obtained. Thiobenzamide generally forms linear adducts, but 2-thiazolines will form under suitable conditions (70TL3781). Phenyliminooxalic acid dichloride, prepared from oxalic acid, phosphorus pentachloride and aniline in benzene, likewise yielded thiazolidine derivatives on reaction with thioureas (71KGS471). 

The reaction with sulfides occurs efficiently only when the resulting carbon-centered radicals are further stabilized by a a-heteroatom. Indeed, (TMSfsSiH can induce the efficient radical chain monoreduction of 1,3-dithiolane, 1,3-dithiane, 1,3-oxathiolane, 1,3-oxathiolanone, and 1,3-thiazolidine derivatives. Three examples are outlined in Reaction (12). The reaction of benzothiazole sulfenamide with (TMS)3SiH, initiated by the decomposition of AIBN at 76 °C, is an efficient chain process producing the corresponding dialkylamine quantitatively. However, the mechanism of this chain reaction is complex as it is also an example of a degenerate-branched chain process. 

In 2000, novel thiazolidine derivatives were prepared from L-cysteine by Guan et al, showing good enantioselectivities of up to 90% ee when used as ligands in the addition of ZnEt2 to aldehydes. The results collected in Scheme 3.6 show that the catalytic efficiency of the thiazolidine derivatives was influenced by the different structures of the thiazolidine rings and the bulkiness of the moiety in... 

Penicillamine reacts with pyridoxal-5-phosphate to form a thiazolidine derivative, and is able to displace many amino acids from their Schiff base complexes, forming stable compounds of this type. The reactivity of the thiol group of penicillamine is less than that of cysteine, probably because of steric hindrance by the adjacent methyl groups of penicillamine, which in consequence is less rapidly oxidized in vivo [7]. 

The oxidation of a thiazolidine derivative to the corresponding thiazole using activated manganese dioxide in dichloromethane at 100 °C is shown in Scheme 6.100. Further manipulation of this molecule led to dimethyl sulfomycinamate, a methano-lysis product of the thiopeptide antibiotic sulfomycin I [203]. 

Compound 296 undergoes a ring-closure reaction on treatment with PCI5 in POCI3, leading to thiazolo[3,2,-/)]-[l,2,4]thiazolidine derivative 297 (unreported yield) (Equation 43) <1999PHA491>. 

L. Wlodek, H. Rommelspacher, R. Susilo, J. Radomski, G. Hofle, Thiazolidine Derivatives as Source of Free L-Cysteine in Rat Tissue , Biochem. Pharmacol. 1993, 46, 1917- 1928. 

In the next example, the strategy for the formation of fused cyclic ethers utilized the formation of an intermediate a-heterosubstituted carbon radical, generated by the reaction of (TMS)3Si radical with A-(ethoxycarbonyl)-l, 3-thiazolidine derivative [38]. This intermediate gives intramolecular C — C bond formation in the presence of proximate 1,2-disubstituted double bonds (Reaction 7.27). However, when terminal double bonds are used, the hydrosily-lation of the double bond by (TMS)3SiH can compete with the reduction and prevent forming the desired C—C bond formation. 

Cuscutic resinoside A (1 tetradecanoic acid, (115)-[[6-deoxy-3-(9-(6-deoxy-a-L-mannopyranosyl)-4-0-[(2/ ,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-niethyl-l-oxobutyl]-a-L-nianno-pyranosyl]oxy]-intramol. l,2 -ester) was obtained from the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of a methanol extract prepared from the seeds of Cuscuta chinensis Lam. The purification of this compound employed a combination of column and preparative-scale HPLC. The structure was deduced from spectroscopic evidence and acid hydrolysis 14). The degradative process gave convolvuUnolic acid, nilic acid, and L-rhamnose. The sugar components were identified by GC analysis after being converted to their thiazolidine derivatives. This disaccharide has a unique macrocyclic lactone, which is placed between C-1 and C-2 of the first rhamnose moiety. 

Alkyl- and aryl-substituted furo[2,3- / thiazolidine derivatives 279, with potential biological activity, have been synthesized by the reaction of methoxycarbonylmethylenetriphenylphosphorane with 4-thiazolidinone derivatives... 

Phenyliminooxalic acid dichloride likewise yielded thiazolidine derivatives on reaction with thioureas (71KGS471). 

The second type of weak bases for imine ligations are 1,2- or 1,3-heterosubstituted amines of amino thiols and amino alcohols. Of the two, the amino thiols appear to be the more suitable choice because they form stable thiazolidine derivatives under very mild reaction condi-tions 84"89,114 121 140 Furthermore, the 1,2-and 1,3-aminothiol moieties are found in cysteines and homocysteines that form a stable heterocyclic ring with an aldehyde within ten minutes at pH 4-5. Thiazolidine ring formation has been successfully used to ligate both linear and constrained peptides to K2K dendron types of cores and proteins containing a-oxoacyl groups. 

Peptide aldehydes can be synthesized via hydrolysis of thiazolidine precursors with mercury or copper salts (Scheme 10). 56 The Phe-thiazolidine derivative 27 was prepared from reduction of dihydrothiazole ring in 26, which was formed from a (5-hydroxy thioamide cyclization of 25 using the Mitsunobu reaction. N-Terminal Boc and Z groups on thiazolidine pseudopeptides such as Boc-Ala-Phe-thiazolidine and Z-Phe-Tyr-thiazolidine are stable to hydrolysis that affords Boc-Ala-Phe-H and Z-Phe-Tyr-H. 56 ... 

Two different synthetic approaches can be taken for the synthesis of peptide aldehydes using thiazolidine derivatives 1561 (1) formation of the aminothiazolidine precursor with subsequent amino acid coupling to afford the pseudopeptide, and (2) the synthesis of the peptide chain before synthesizing the thiazolidine precursor. Both approaches were successful in synthesizing peptide aldehydes with 90-95% yields and no epimerizationi56 ... 

Recently, they have synthesized enantiomerically pure 1,3-thiazolidine-derived spiro-(3-lactams [111] (Scheme 37) using Staudinger ketene-imine reaction starting from optically active lV-boc-1,3- thiazolidine-2-carboxylic acid derivatives and imines, thus confirming the generality of the earlier reported 1,3-thiazolidine-derived spiro-(3-lactams. 

The cyclic ketenes were generated from /V-acy 1-1,3-thiazolidine-2-carboxylic acids by means of Mukaiyama s reagent. The same reaction generated enantio-merically pure 1,3-thiazolidine-derived spiro-p-lactams, using optically active /V-A rt-butoxycarbonyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-carboxylic acid derivatives as precursors of the asymmetrical chiral cyclic ketenes (7< r/-butoxy carbonyl Boc) [101]. 

Thus, by the Maillard reaction in different browning systems of sugars and amino compounds, some mutagenic substances were formed, although their activities are quite weak compared with those formed by pyrolysis of amino acids. They were confirmed as intermediates and some of them were identified as furan, pyrrole, or thiazolidine derivatives formed from glucose and amino acids... 

Another type of sulfide catalyst, thiazolidine derivatives of type 220, were designed by the Koskinen group with the aid of molecular modeling [221]. In the model reaction the thiazolidine 220 catalyzed the formation of the trans epoxide (S,S)-trans-202a highly enantioselectively (90% ee) although the yield (16%) was low (Scheme 6.98). 

Explain why the H NMR spectrum of the 1,3-thiazolidine derivative of clofibric acid (300 MHz, CDCI3, room temperature) contains, in addition to two doublets for the aromatic protons and a sharp singlet at 1.61 ppm for the methyl groups, the complex signal splitting pattern (shown below) in the region between 2 and 5 ppm. 

Reaction of oxalyl chloride with compound 301 gives the thiazolidine-4,5-dione 302 (Scheme 146), and the same reagent with A-alkylbenzamidine 303 at 100-140G affords the l-alkyl-2-phenylimidazole-4,5-dione 304 (Scheme 147). Imi-nochlorides of oxalic acid react with N,N-disubstituted thioureas to give the 2-dialkylaminothiazolidine-4,5-dione bis-imides 305. Phenyliminooxalic acid dichloride likewise yielded thiazolidine derivatives on reaction with thioureas <1971KGS471>. 

In earlier investigations by the authors (1,2), 2-oxo-l,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazines, (I), and thiazolidine derivatives, (II), respectively, were prepared, which were effective as chymase inhibitors. 

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