Acetate Alcohol Resins

Vinyl Acetate Alcohol Resins These may be considered as a vinyl acetate/vinyl alcohol copolymers consisting of 82% vinyl acetate and 18% vinyl alcohol and is supplied as a solid dissolved in methyl alcohol (18%) and methyl acetate (82%) or technical grade methyl acetate. It is popularly known as VAAR. Military specification MIL-V-50433 (MU), July 1969 governs the quality of its solution for use in ammunition. 

VAAR [Structure (5.3)] contains oxygen, through its alcohol and ester functional groups, which can react with ingredients in the pyrotechnic formulations to produce additional energy. In addition, it has many other highly desirable characteristics as a pyrotechnic binder (i) it comes in the liquid form and thus it is simply 

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Man-made binders Bakelite resin, polyester resin, chlorinated rubber, polyvinyl chloride, Thiokol rubber, epoxy resin, Thiokol-epoxy blends, vinyl acetate alcohol resin (VAAR), Viton-A, Teflon and Kel-F800 etc. 

Scheme 5.1 Synthesis of vinyl acetate alcohol resin (VAAR).

The alcohols, proprietary denatured ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol, are commonly used for E-type inks. Many E-type inks benefit from the addition of small amounts of ethyl acetate, MEK, or normal propyl acetate to the solvent blends. Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents are used for M-type inks. Polystyrene resins are used to reduce the cost of top lacquers. T-type inks are also reduced with aromatic hydrocarbons. Acryflc resins are used to achieve specific properties for V-type inks. Vehicles containing vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate copolymer resins make up the vinyl ink category. Ketones are commonly used solvents for these inks. 

Adhesives may include styrene, styrene/isoprene blends, vinyl alcohol, vinyl acetate, epoxy resins, acrylates, cyanoacrylates (superglue), ethylene/vinylacetate (hot-melt), polyurethanes, etc. [19]. 

Use Solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, alcohol-soluble dyes, natural and synthetic resins, solvent mixtures, lacquers, enamels, varnishes, leather perfume fixative wood stains sealing moisture-proof cellophane jet fuel deicing additive. 

Plastics (polyvinyl acetate, alcohol, chloride, monovinyl acetate, phenolic, urea, and melamine resins, plastics in rods, sheet, and other forms)... 

Petroleum resins, coumaroneindene resins, cellulose and cellulosics other than cellulose nitrate, polyesters, polyethers or acetal resins, polyolefins, polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl acetate/alcohol), etc. 

Polyvinyl alcohol resin. See Polyvinyl alcohol Polyvinyl butyral CAS 9003-62-7 63148-65-2 Synonyms Polyvinyl butyral resin PVB Vinyl acetal polymers, butyrals Vinyl acetyl polymers, butyrates... 

Chromium sulfate (ic) crosslinking agent Acrylic acid/acrylamide copolymer Allylglycidyl ether alcohol resin Allyl isocyanate Aluminum acetylacetonate N-2-Aminoethyl-3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane Ammonium persulfate t-Amyl peroxyacetate Bis (triethoxysilyl) ethane Chromic acetylacetonate Cobalt acetate (ous). 

Benzylidene acetone Ethylene brassylate cis-3-Hexenyl benzoate Phenethyl alcohol fixative ingredient, paints Geranyl acetate fixative resin, hair... 

Urethane Resins, Polyolefin Fibers, Polyvinil Acetate Resins, Polyvinyl Alcohol Resins,Polyester Fibers... 

Polyvinyl alcohol resins n. A water-soluble thermoplastic prepared by partial or complete hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate with methanol or water. These resins are mainly used as packing films since they are impervious to oils, fats, and waxes, and have very low transmission rates of oxygen, nitrogen, and helium. 

Polyvinyl butyral resins n. A member of the polyvinyl acetal family. Resins formed by reacting polyvinyl alcohol with butyraldehyde. It is a rough, sticky, colorless, flexible solid, used primarily as the interlayer in automotive safety glass. Other applications include adhesive formulations, base resin for coatings, solutions for rendering fabrics resistant to water, staining, and abrasion. 

Most of the applications for vinyl acetate are mature. The strongest growth areas are in ethylene-vinyl alcohol, poly(vinyl butyral), and vinyl acetate-ethylene resins. Growth of use for ethylene-vinyl alcohol is expected at 10-15%/year through 2004. Poly(vinyl hutyral) is used in safety glass in automobile windshields. The U.S. market is mature for this use, hut has a potential as a replacement for tempered glass in Europe. A potential market exists for side and rear automobile windows worldwide (23). 

Polyethylene-co-vinyl alcohol resins are produced indirectly by the hydrolysis (saponification) of ethylene-co-vinyl acetate copolymers. The structure of the vinyl alcohol branch is shown in Figure 9. Hydrolysis can be achieved by the action of alcoholic sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide in an organic solvent solution at high temperature [84,86]. Ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol copolymers are often referred to as EVAL (pronounced as a single word) or by the abbreviation EVOH. Like their ethylene-co-vinyl acetate precursors, ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol copolymers also contain short- and long-chain branching. 

Furfuryl acetate. Reflux a mixture of 39 2 g. (34-8 ml.) of redistilled furfuryl alcohol, 48 g. of glacial acetic acid, 150 ml. of benzene and 20 g. of Zeo-Karb 225/H in a 500 ml. bolt-head flask, using the apparatus described under iaoPropyl Lactate. After 3 hours, when the rate of collection of water in the water separator is extremely slow, allow to cool, separate the resin by suction filtration, and wash it with three 15 ml. portions of benzene. Remove the benzene, etc., from the combined filtrate and washings under reduced pressure (water pump) and then collect the crude ester at 74-90°/10 mm. a small sohd residue remains in the flask. Redistil the crude ester from a Claisen flask with fractionating side arm pure furfuryl acetate passes over at 79-80°/17 mm. The yield is 14 -5 g. 

Physical Properties. Furfuryl alcohol (2-furanmethanol) [98-00-0] is aHquid, colorless, primary alcohol with a mild odor. On exposure to air, it gradually darkens in color. Furfuryl alcohol is completely miscible with water, alcohol, ether, acetone, and ethyl acetate, and most other organic solvents with the exception of paraffinic hydrocarbons. It is an exceUent, highly polar solvent, and dissolves many resins. 

Nearly all commercial acetylations are realized using acid catalysts. Catalytic acetylation of alcohols can be carried out using mineral acids, eg, perchloric acid [7601-90-3], phosphoric acid [7664-38-2], sulfuric acid [7664-93-9], benzenesulfonic acid [98-11-3], or methanesulfonic acid [75-75-2], as the catalyst. Certain acid-reacting ion-exchange resins may also be used, but these tend to decompose in hot acetic acid. Mordenite [12445-20-4], a decationized Y-zeohte, is a useful acetylation catalyst (28) and aluminum chloride [7446-70-0], catalyzes / -butanol [71-36-3] acetylation (29). 

Emulsion Adhesives. The most widely used emulsion-based adhesive is that based upon poly(vinyl acetate)—poly(vinyl alcohol) copolymers formed by free-radical polymerization in an emulsion system. Poly(vinyl alcohol) is typically formed by hydrolysis of the poly(vinyl acetate). The properties of the emulsion are derived from the polymer employed in the polymerization as weU as from the system used to emulsify the polymer in water. The emulsion is stabilized by a combination of a surfactant plus a coUoid protection system. The protective coUoids are similar to those used paint (qv) to stabilize latex. For poly(vinyl acetate), the protective coUoids are isolated from natural gums and ceUulosic resins (carboxymethylceUulose or hydroxyethjdceUulose). The hydroHzed polymer may also be used. The physical properties of the poly(vinyl acetate) polymer can be modified by changing the co-monomer used in the polymerization. Any material which is free-radically active and participates in an emulsion polymerization can be employed. Plasticizers (qv), tackifiers, viscosity modifiers, solvents (added to coalesce the emulsion particles), fillers, humectants, and other materials are often added to the adhesive to meet specifications for the intended appHcation. Because the presence of foam in the bond line could decrease performance of the adhesion joint, agents that control the amount of air entrapped in an adhesive bond must be added. Biocides are also necessary many of the materials that are used to stabilize poly(vinyl acetate) emulsions are natural products. Poly(vinyl acetate) adhesives known as "white glue" or "carpenter s glue" are available under a number of different trade names. AppHcations are found mosdy in the area of adhesion to paper and wood (see Vinyl polymers). 

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