Pyrotechnics binders

Dextrin - [COLORANTS FOR FOOD,DRUGS, COSMETICS AND MEDICALDEVICES] (Vol 6) - [EXPLOSIVES AND PROPELLANTS - EXPLOSIVES] (Vol 10) -as pyrotechnic binders [PYROTECHNICS] (Vol 20) -use in electroplating [ELECTROPLATING] (Vol 9)... 

The word match is of uncertain origin. In common parlance, a match is a short, slender, elongated piece of wood or cardboard, suitably impregnated and tipped to permit, through pyrochemical action between dry soHds with a binder, the creation of a small transient flame. The word match also is used for fuse lines which after ignition on one end serve as fire-transfer agents in fireworks and for explosives (qv). Such items belong in the field of pyrotechnics... 

Pyrotechnic mixtures may also contain additional components that are added to modify the bum rate, enhance the pyrotechnic effect, or serve as a binder to maintain the homogeneity of the blended mixture and provide mechanical strength when the composition is pressed or consoHdated into a tube or other container. These additional components may also function as oxidizers or fuels in the composition, and it can be anticipated that the heat output, bum rate, and ignition sensitivity may all be affected by the addition of another component to a pyrotechnic composition. An example of an additional component is the use of a catalyst, such as iron oxide, to enhance the decomposition rate of ammonium perchlorate. Diatomaceous earth or coarse sawdust may be used to slow up the bum rate of a composition, or magnesium carbonate (an acid neutralizer) may be added to help stabilize mixtures that contain an acid-sensitive component such as potassium chlorate. Binders include such materials as dextrin (partially hydrolyzed starch), various gums, and assorted polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol), epoxies, and polyesters. Polybutadiene mbber binders are widely used as fuels and binders in the soHd propellant industry. The production of colored flames is enhanced by the presence of chlorine atoms in the pyrotechnic flame, so chlorine donors such as poly(vinyl chloride) or chlorinated mbber are often added to color-producing compositions, where they also serve as fuels. 

This low viscosity resin permits cure at low (70°C) temperatures and rapidly develops excellent elevated temperature properties. Used to increase heat resistance and cure speed of bisphenol A epoxy resins, it has utihty in such diverse appHcations as adhesives, tooling compounds, and laminating systems. A moleculady distilled version is used as a binder for soHd propellants (see Explosives and propellants) and for military flares (see Pyrotechnics). Its chief uses depend on properties of low viscosity and low temperature reactivity, particularly with carboxy-terminated mbbers. 

Parlon has been used in pyrotechnic tracer formulations as a color intensifier and binder (Ref 4). It is also employed as a base for rapid drying concrete paints and alkyd enamels (Ref 5) Refs 1) G.F. Bloomfield, JChemSoc 1943, 289 2) Parlon, Properties and Uses , Hercules... 

Binder Charges on Military Pyrotechnical Systems , JahrlnstChemTreibExplosivstFruenhofer-Ges 1971 (1972), 401-22 CA 81, 108071 (1974) 76) A. Reichel, Changes In Properties... 

E.F. Witucki, New Pyrotechnic Binders , Rept No AFATL TR-73-13, Contract F08635-72-C-0143, Rockwell International Corp, Canoga Park (1973) 6a) Anon, The Weathering of... 

Properties and Other Characteristics of Several Polyester Resin Binders Used in Pyrotechnic Formulations , Rept No RDTR No 51, USNAD, Crane (1966) 13a) V.V. Korshak et al, Poly-... 

Polynitropolyphenylene (PNP) (159), which is a polymeric explosive, exhibits high thermal stability and possesses a low sensitivity to friction and impact. This polymeric mixture, synthesized from the reaction of styphnyl chloride (106) with copper powder in nitrobenzene, has found use as a thermally stable binder in pyrotechnic compositions. ... 

Chen, E.-T., Duo, Y.-Q., Luo, S.-G., Luo, Y.-J., and Tan, H.-M., Novel Segmented Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers Based on Tetrahydrofuran/Ethylene Oxide Copolymers as High Energetic Propellant Binders, Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, Vol. 28, 2003, pp. 7. 

In North America the problem of moisture absorption has been addressed by developing a moisture resistant gunpowder substitute based on potassium nitrate but augmented with potassium perchlorate. The latter is said to absorb less moisture than the nitrate at a given humidity. In addition, the gunpowder substitute contains a hydrophobic binder, called ethyl cellulose, (2.22) (celluloses have a history of use in pyrotechnics) together with an organic fuel, known as phenolphthalein, (2.23) which is said to enhance the bum rate. 

The element carbon (symbol C) is almost always found in nature covalently bonded to other carbon atoms or to a variety of other elements (most commonly H, O, and N). Due to the presence of carbon-containing compounds in all living things, the chemistry of carbon compounds is known as organic chemistry. Most high explosives are organic compounds. TNT (trinitrotoluene), for example, consists of C, H, N, and O atoms, with a molecular formula of C yH 5N P e. We will encounter other organic compounds in our study of fuels and binders in pyrotechnic mixtures. 

A pyrotechnic composition will usually contain a small percentage of an organic polymer that functions as a binder, holding all of the components together in a homogeneous blend. These binders, being organic compounds, will also serve as fuels in the mixture. 

Pyrodex" is a patented pyrotechnic composition designed to fulfill many of the funetions of blaek powder. It eontains the three ingredients found in blaek powder plus binders and burning rate modifiers that make the material somewhat less sensitive and slower burning. A greater degree of confinement is required to obtain performance comparable to "normal" black powder [6]. 

Iditol. A synthetic resin obtained by the condensation of phenol formaldehyde. It is used as a binder in many Russian pyrotechnics Ref Gorst (1957), 162... 

Secondary high explosive Secondary high explosive Impact-sensitive material Blood agent, Extreme poison Binder, Color enhancer Low explosive, Found in many types of pyrotechnics, flash/concussion grenades, flash bangs, and fireworks... 

Binder, Ceiiuiose Nitrate Camphor (For Pyrotechnic Mixtures) MIL-B-10854 Jan 1951... 

Pyrotechnics may be considered as mixtures of materials capable of combustion when suitably initiated to produce a special effect. In most cases, pyrotechnic compositions consist of a fuel and an oxidizer together with a binder to give structural integrity and additives for imparting special effects. 

Explosives, Propellants (Oxidizers, Binders and Plasticizers) and Pyrotechnics for Satellite Launch Vehicles... 

Polynitropolyphenylenes (PNPs) 286-294 1.8-2.2 Thermally stable binder for pyrotechnic formulations. 

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